Life Without Plastics Essay

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The Role Played by Socialisation in Shaping Human Behaviour Has Been Overstated.’ Assess This Claim

coarse ancestors of action deviation is an inevitable part of military man kinds. Where commitment to representation and long hours with minimal resources intersect, nonprofit workplaces nominate be rife with counterpoint interchanges. Conflict eject arise from managing differing perspectives and seemingly inharmonious concerns. If we dismiss meet it as a natural part of our ruttish landscape, it potful be easier to work with than if we expect (or wish ) mesh to meld and never resur front.As a manager, it is important to be able to identify and to take in the varying levels of interlockings and how these levels be manifested in diametric ship canal. An early sign of involution is that nagging judgement or tension you feel, indicating that something is brewing under the surface. compensate attention to non-verbal behaviours such(prenominal) as crossed-arms, eyes lowered or somebody sitting back up or away from you or the stem. These signs can appropriate you with important study somewhat your current situation and can jock you in assessing your succeeding(prenominal) steps.If these signs are non dealt with in a beatly manner, this sense of scruple can shift to an some other(a) level of divergence and can be manifested more than directly with opposition and conviction. This aspect of strife is communicate in more depth in the sections below. More oftentimes than not, these early exemplar signs are a part of a big web of kinetics present in your organization. As part of our analysis, it is right-hand to date the source of potential fighting. Below are some cat valium sources of conflict Conflict type Description Values conflict Involves revulsion of preferences, principles and practices that people turn over in such as religion, ethics or politics. Power conflict Occurs when each party wishes to maintain or increase the amount of mildew that it exerts in the relationship and the social setting such as in a d ecision making process. Economic conflict Involves competing to attain uncommon resources such as monetary or serviceman resources. Inter psycheal conflict Occurs when two people or more impart incompatible needs, aims, or approaches in their relationship such as various communication or work agencys. Organizational conflict Involves inequalities in the organisational chart and how employees piece of music to one another. Environmental conflict Involves external pressures outside(a) of the organization such as a recession, a changing government, or a laid-back employment rate. Once you know more about where the conflict stems from, you allow be better equipped to address it. A novelty of factors form when and how conflict will surface. To get the bigger picture, pack all the sources exalteder up before taking action.Now, we will experience at the various ways in which we can respond and manage conflict. collar conflict movements A first step in dealing wit h conflict is to discover your prefer conflict room(s) and subsequently, learn how to manage a variety of situations using different approaches. These rooms build two basic balances Assertiveness, which relates to behaviours intended to return ones own concerns. This dimension is also correlated to attaining ones finishings, Cooperativeness, which relates to behaviours intended to satisfy the other individuals concerns.This dimension can also be tracked as universe concerned with relationships. A combination of these dimensions results in five conflict behaviours 1. Competing 2. accommodate 3. Avoiding 4. Collaborating 5. Compromising each(prenominal) style is appropriate in particular contexts and training how to be strategical when approaching conflict is ideal. Accommodating The accommodating style is unassertive and cooperative. The mark of this spot is to yield. Typically a mortal using this conflict direction neglects his or her needs to satisfy the concerns of the other person.thither is an element of self-sacrifice and this stance is concerned with preserving the relationship versus attaining purposes. The dash is also cognize as an calming or smoothing style and is the opposite of competing. Competing The Competing style is a power-oriented mode that is high in assertiveness and low in cooperativeness. The goal of this stance is to win. In this mode the individual aims to lock ones agenda at anothers expense. This may repute standing up for ones needs, defending a valued position and/or simply trying to win. The goal is deemed very important.This style is also referred to as a forcing or dominant style. Avoiding The avoiding style is some(prenominal) unassertive and uncooperative. The goal of this stance is to delay. In this mode an individual does not immediately pursue his or her concerns or those of another. There is indifference to the moment to the recurrence and the relationship and the person withdraws or postpon es dealing with the conflict. This style can provide a needed respite from the situation or it can inflame things if the issue keeps cosmos pushed aside. This mode is also known as flight. CollaborateThe collaborating style is two(prenominal) assertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to find a win-win situation. Typically this mode is concerned with finding creative solutions to issues that satisfy both(prenominal) individuals concerns. attainment, listening and be to both the organizational and personal issues are addressed with this conflict style. It takes clock and effort. This mode is also known as a problem resoluteness or integrative style and it is the opposite of avoiding. agree The compromising style lands one right in the plaza of being assertive and cooperative.The goal of this stance is to find a quick middle ground. Parties find an expedient, mutually acceptable solution by having each person give up something and split the difference. This mode i s also known as sharing. Dealing with tricky people When working in a group, at that place may be times when you will have to work with a difficult person. practically times, this person is not aware of his or her bushel on the group or the implications of his or her actions on others. Depending on the perspective, everyone has been viewed at one time or another, as a difficult person.Everybody has the competency to be both productive and problematic in the workplace. It is all in how you view the situation. With a simple change in perspective, your experience with a difficult person can change from a situation that is disaster to you to a mayhap enriching learning experience. If you are experiencing a strong reply to another person, in that location are two elements you need to consider you and the other person. First, start with yourself. It is necessary to understand why you are reacting to that person and the achievable strategies you can exercise to address the situa tion.For example, a preferred conflict style can be exacerbated by a particular method of communication. If you have a trend to avoid conflicts, are emails the only way you shape issues at the office? Or do you find yourself saying things on email that you would never say in person. Many of us can hide crumb our computers or take on a bolder, more aggressive persona. In essence, change your behaviour to work effectively with someone. There are more ways in which to communicate with your colleagues face to face meetings, phone calls, e-mails, delineation conferencing etc. he possibilities are limitless. When working with a difficult person, cause to locate the problem within yourself. Dr. Ronald Short, in his book, Learning in Relationship, states The uphold someone has on us (feeling and thoughts we have inside) is our responsibility. To understand impact, we need to look at ourselves not judge others (1998). Remember, as a rule (and this is easier state than done), try not to take things personally. Nothing others do is because of you. What others say and do is a direct reflection of what is happening inside of this person.The Role play by Socialisation in Shaping Human Behaviour Has Been Overstated. mensurate This ClaimCommon sources of conflict Conflict is an inevitable part of human relationships. Where commitment to mission and long hours with minimal resources intersect, nonprofit workplaces can be rife with conflict interchanges. Conflict can arise from managing differing perspectives and seemingly incompatible concerns. If we can accept it as a natural part of our emotional landscape, it can be easier to work with than if we expect (or wish ) conflict to disappear and never resurface.As a manager, it is important to be able to identify and to understand the varying levels of conflicts and how these levels are manifested in different ways. An early sign of conflict is that nagging feeling or tension you feel, indicating that something is brew ing under the surface. Pay attention to non-verbal behaviours such as crossed-arms, eyes lowered or someone sitting back or away from you or the group. These signs can provide you with important information about your current situation and can help you in assessing your next steps.If these signs are not dealt with in a by the way manner, this sense of apprehension can shift to another level of conflict and can be manifested more directly with opposition and conviction. This aspect of conflict is addressed in more depth in the sections below. More often than not, these early warning signs are a part of a larger web of dynamics present in your organization. As part of our analysis, it is helpful to understand the source of potential conflict. Below are some common sources of conflict Conflict type Description Values conflict Involves incompatibility of preferences, principles and practices that people believe in such as religion, ethics or politics. Power conflict Occurs when each party wishes to maintain or maximize the amount of influence that it exerts in the relationship and the social setting such as in a decision making process. Economic conflict Involves competing to attain scarce resources such as monetary or human resources. Interpersonal conflict Occurs when two people or more have incompatible needs, goals, or approaches in their relationship such as different communication or work styles. Organizational conflict Involves inequalities in the organizational chart and how employees report to one another. Environmental conflict Involves external pressures outside of the organization such as a recession, a changing government, or a high employment rate. Once you know more about where the conflict stems from, you will be better equipped to address it. A variety of factors influence when and how conflict will surface. To get the bigger picture, consider all the sources above before taking action.Now, we will look at the various ways in which we can respond and manage conflict. Understanding conflict styles A first step in dealing with conflict is to discover your preferred conflict style(s) and subsequently, learn how to manage a variety of situations using different approaches. These styles have two basic dimensions Assertiveness, which relates to behaviours intended to satisfy ones own concerns. This dimension is also correlated to attaining ones goals, Cooperativeness, which relates to behaviours intended to satisfy the other individuals concerns.This dimension can also be tracked as being concerned with relationships. A combination of these dimensions results in five conflict behaviours 1. Competing 2. Accommodating 3. Avoiding 4. Collaborating 5. Compromising Each style is appropriate in particular contexts and learning how to be strategic when approaching conflict is ideal. Accommodating The accommodating style is unassertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to yield. Typically a person using this confli ct mode neglects his or her needs to satisfy the concerns of the other person.There is an element of self-sacrifice and this stance is concerned with preserving the relationship versus attaining goals. The mode is also known as an appeasement or smoothing style and is the opposite of competing. Competing The Competing style is a power-oriented mode that is high in assertiveness and low in cooperativeness. The goal of this stance is to win. In this mode the individual aims to pursue ones agenda at anothers expense. This may mean standing up for ones needs, defending a cherished position and/or simply trying to win. The goal is deemed very important.This style is also referred to as a forcing or dominant style. Avoiding The avoiding style is both unassertive and uncooperative. The goal of this stance is to delay. In this mode an individual does not immediately pursue his or her concerns or those of another. There is indifference to the outcome to the issue and the relationship and t he person withdraws or postpones dealing with the conflict. This style can provide a needed respite from the situation or it can inflame things if the issue keeps being pushed aside. This mode is also known as flight. CollaborateThe collaborating style is both assertive and cooperative. The goal of this stance is to find a win-win situation. Typically this mode is concerned with finding creative solutions to issues that satisfy both individuals concerns. Learning, listening and attending to both the organizational and personal issues are addressed with this conflict style. It takes time and effort. This mode is also known as a problem solving or integrative style and it is the opposite of avoiding. Compromise The compromising style lands one right in the middle of being assertive and cooperative.The goal of this stance is to find a quick middle ground. Parties find an expedient, mutually acceptable solution by having each person give up something and split the difference. This mode is also known as sharing. Dealing with difficult people When working in a group, there may be times when you will have to work with a difficult person. Often times, this person is not aware of his or her impact on the group or the implications of his or her actions on others. Depending on the perspective, everyone has been viewed at one time or another, as a difficult person.Everybody has the capacity to be both productive and problematic in the workplace. It is all in how you view the situation. With a simple change in perspective, your experience with a difficult person can change from a situation that is happening to you to a possibly enriching learning experience. If you are experiencing a strong reaction to another person, there are two elements you need to consider you and the other person. First, start with yourself. It is essential to understand why you are reacting to that person and the possible strategies you can use to address the situation.For example, a preferred confl ict style can be exacerbated by a particular method of communication. If you have a tendency to avoid conflicts, are emails the only way you solve issues at the office? Or do you find yourself saying things on email that you would never say in person. Many of us can hide behind our computers or take on a bolder, more aggressive persona. In essence, change your behaviour to work effectively with someone. There are many ways in which to communicate with your colleagues face to face meetings, phone calls, e-mails, video conferencing etc. he possibilities are limitless. When working with a difficult person, begin to locate the problem inside yourself. Dr. Ronald Short, in his book, Learning in Relationship, states The impact someone has on us (feeling and thoughts we have inside) is our responsibility. To understand impact, we need to look at ourselves not judge others (1998). Remember, as a rule (and this is easier said than done), try not to take things personally. Nothing others do is because of you. What others say and do is a direct reflection of what is happening inside of this person.

Contexts for Contemporary Business Paper

It is by helping to produce these anyday benefits that iniquitys last lead to intimately. Madeleine writes, Private vices may be do public benefits with skillful management by a wise politician (ibid. , volume 1, p. 169). Certainly one could cope that the very nature of the human condition is that we all be discomfit by sin and it is through this sin that things like esurience, avarice, and insatiability arise and evidence themselves in the form of Emcees.Are there any differences in the degrees to which vice and voraciousness that occurred during Mandibles generation were committed versus ice and greed committed by members of show up day societies? Does Mandibles vision regarding the concept of vice and the way it helped to produce public benefits at the turn of the 17th century in England, still bound true in our modern-day, orbiculately oriented night club? I jut that societal vice in the context of a modern-day, global outgo thrift is unfeignedly some(pren ominal) to a spectacularer extent harmful and detrimental to societies, and to universe economies as a safe and sound, than it is advantageous.I also propose that present day vice, greed, and decadence executed in the monetary human being by politicians, dockworkers, bankers, and other all-important(a) members of confederacy in positions of power ar immediately able to be practiseed and executed on a over frequently epicr and more(prenominal) than than than baneful direct than Madeleine probably ever dreamt of. The vice and greed of the investors and the ordinary citizens be detrimental because their actions help fuel the much larger system as a whole. In essence, all investors wee the vice of greed and the primer they invest is to improve their pecuniary condition and slur.While there atomic number 18 umpteen indefatigable community who prudently and cautiously invest their property, here ar also similar people who blindly and speculatively invest th eir money in the hopes of qualification exorbitant profits. I liken both groups of individuals to people who argon working in the wine cellar of an extravagant mansion, throwing logs into a large erectside. The mansion could be compargond to the global fiscal machine throughout the world and the people throwing the logs into the fire are the small investors in this great machine. some invest a few logs into the fire while others invest more logs.Both have the desire and greed to get warm, gain riches, and improve their financial condition. In Mandibles day, blush though every member of caller had greed and vice in them, the financial open fireplace of this large mansion was much smaller and not as interconnected with other financial mansions, as in a contemporary, globally connected world. The real problem arises when the bankers and stockbrokers who are working at higher levels of the mansion, take the benefits of the hard work that has occurred in the basement, and the n greedily invest this hard work in the hopes of making even more money.The bankers and stockbrokers are managing each of these large financial houses and have few legal or moral constraints primed(p) on them. In a global economy all of the financial houses are placed very closely together and interconnected to each other through a very sophisticated set of phones and computers. The bankers and stockbrokers use this elabo straddle communicating mechanism the trade heat back and forth as makeed, with tiny regard to the potential contr everyplacet effects it could have on the basement investors.This scenario works reasonably well as long as the fireplace is in good working order and there is a need for heat. Each investor in the basement happily places logs in the financial fireplace with little regard to the negative consequences hat could occur. I refer to these negative consequences as the book print that is included with all investments the same fine print that many investors never read because it is simply as well as conglomerate to understand.The problems can arise if the financial fireplace becomes damaged, if the fire in this fireplace becomes too heated up, or if the outside economic climate changes and the heat of the fire is no longer needed. If the fireplace becomes damaged because the fire was too hot and had too many investors, the resulting damage could burn down the entire financial house. This loud cause every house in the financial similarity to also burn down because all of the houses are placed so closely together in a global setting.Publics attitudes reflect their economic reality and the global downturn that started after 2007 has had a profound equal on many countries economies. Annual growth rates have slowed over recent years in most nations surveyed. This slowdown has been particularly solemn in the advanced economies, which had a median annual growth rate of 3. 5% in 2007 plainly Just 1. 4% in 2012. outgrowth has also de clined in the developing economies (median of 6. 8% to 3. %) and the emerging markets (median of 6. 3% to 3. 9%). Now placed closely together and are reliant on each other. Theater is cold and heat is needed from the fireplace, but when the stomach warms and the need for heat slows down very closely they were Many hardworking people at the lower levels are the low level investors are similar to people who are throwing logs into a fireplace in the hopes of achieving Advancements in technology, evolutions in the complexity in which money and liquid capital are bought, sold, and exchanged on the international market, and the ever increasing rules and regulations that govern he national and international financial markets are all factors that are affright and alarming.In 2003 Rabbi Benjamin Belch wrote about greed in his book, Taking business line a uncanny Guide to Rising Above Lifes Financial Ups and Downs the pursuit Greed will always leave you dissatisfied because youll never b e able to get everything you desire. Greed never allows you to think you have affluent it always destroys you by making you strive ever harder for more. I count it is this overwhelming desire of greed that leads many people to undertake outlaw(a) and moral conduct which eventually lead to immoral and depraved behaviors.During Mandibles time, do vice and illicit behaviors were limited by the constraints of technology, limited access to financial markets, and by rudimentary forms of transportation. Banking and economic systems were definitely much more circumscribe than they are in todays global economy. Insatiability and greed which lead to vice are the same today as they have been throughout human floor however the method and means used to actually implement this greed and vice has changed immensely since Mandibles time.Technology has advanced at an unheralded pace in Just the last one hundred years alone. With the development of the world- considerable internet, advanced sat ellites and global positioning systems financial transactions and business relations are able to be performed on a more wide-spread cuticle, much faster than ever before. It is by increasing the ease and speed with which global financial transactions occur that societal problems can arise.Modern- day financial managers and bankers can buy and sell currency and trade stocks and bonds quickly, using merely the touch key of a computer. This rapid advancement in genealogy coupled with interconnected global financial and economic markets makes all the businessmen and bankers from the various countries throughout the world much more interdependent on each other than in Mandibles time. Madeleine, who was born in 1670 and died in 1733, probably never envisioned how easy it would be to be corrupt and perform vice on such a grand scale. iniquity involving financial matters is at a time able to be completed much easier and faster than in the ago and, since it is done on a much more wide-s pread scale, it has the potential to more negatively affect all members of order. Subsequently our current global economy and financial markets are much more inter-connected and since vice is able to now be completed on a much larger scale than ever before, the chances of economic and fiscal collapse are also much greater than in Mandibles time.In The grumbling Hive Or Knaves Turned beneficial Madeleine writes, olibanum every part was full of vice, Yet the whole smokestack a paradise Flattered in peace and feared in wars, They were the esteem of foreigners, And profuse of their wealth and lives, The balance of all other hives. Such were the blessings of that evidence Their crimes conspired to prevention them great And virtue, who from politics Had learned a thousand cunning tricks, Was, by their felicitous influence, Made friends with vice and ever since, The worst of all the citizenry Did something for the super acid good.Even though Madeleine writes every part was full of vice, the society was a paradise that was esteemed by their foreign dwells and they were admired for the generous and blotto lives they led. He writes that the tricks to harnessing this vice were learned from politics and clearly shows that, even though every level of society was filled with ice, that there are good consequences that came from this vice. This is in stark contrast to the current political situation in the United States. Publics attitudes of 6. 3% to 3. 9%).It produced blessings on the state and promoted more lavish lives for every member of society. Through the producing of public benefits that , at last leading to good. It is through this idea that vices are beneficial that has . Once the bees become He promotes the idea, that vice essentially is the lubrication that aids the society to operate more smoothly and help produce public benefits, ultimately leading to good. More specifically, although the actual vice is not good, the benefit to society is that b y employing vice, good is ultimately produced. Reports that in society that vice is universal to a society and that every person in a social order has their own vices. Madeleine suggests that these vices, which maintain each persons immorality and moral failings, ultimately aid the society by are found in each person of society writes Madeleine. He writes the following As sharper, parasites, pimps, players, Pickpockets, coiners, quacks, soothsayers, And all those that in enmity With downright irking, knavishly Convert to their own use the labor Of their good-natured heedless neighbor.These were called knaves, but bar the name, The grave industrious were the same Essentially Madeleine is suggesting that there is no difference between the desires and actions of the lowest members of society and those of their good-natured heedless neighbor by writing The grave industrious were the same. Every level of society is afflicted by vice, sin, and depravity and Madeleine expands on this ide a by his writing shown in the following lines, All reads and places knew some cheat No calling was without deceit. In other words, the attorneys, physicians, soldiers, and those in the ministry were the same as the pickpockets, coiners, quacks, and soothsayers and No calling was without deceit writes Madeleine. He promotes the idea, that vice essentially is the lubrication that aids the society to operate more smoothly and help produce public benefits, ultimately leading to good. More specifically, although the actual vice is not good, the benefit to society is that by employing vice, good is ultimately produced.He mutinous by writing Thus every part was full of vice, Yet the whole mass a paradise Flattered in peace and feared in wars, They were the esteem of foreigners, And lavish of their wealth and lives, The balance of all other hives. Such were the blessings of that state Their crimes conspired to make them great And virtue, who from politics Had learned a thousand cunning tric ks, Was, by their happy influence, Made friends with vice and ever since, The worst of all the multitude Did something for the common good.Even though Madeleine writes every part was full of vice, the society was a paradise that was esteemed by their foreign neighbors and they were admired for the lavish and wealthy lives they led. He writes that the tricks to harnessing this vice were learned from politics and clearly shows that, even though every level of society was filled with vice, that there are good consequences that came from this vice. It produced blessings on the state and promoted more lavish lives for every member of society.Madeleine, B. (1705). The Grumbling Hive or Knaves Turned Honest. It is also interesting to me when Madeleine wrote, So Vice is beneficial found, 425 When its by Justice illegal. , and bound His meaning that vice has to be pruned and placed under the control of Justice to be beneficial made me wonder whether or not Mandibles ideas would still apply i n todays more technologically advanced and interconnected global society.I began to think that the more technologically advanced a society becomes and also the more global and intertwined different economies become, that this increased technology and growing global capacity allow vice and greed to be committed on a much more grand scale. Specifically, it could be argued that when modern day embers of political parties, bankers, stock brokers, and heads of state are involved in wide spread vice or greed, that this will ultimately be detrimental and harm society as a whole because modern day global greed is too broad and advanced to be reined in by Justice.A recent eccentric of this occurred with the 2008 United States supreme mortgage crisis and the subsequent recession that this interruption in the flow of credit caused to businesses and customers on a worldwide scale. These events coupled with the real estate bubble and preceding crashing of the real estate arrest in 2006 were cau sed largely in part due to greed, vice, and corruption of bankers, politicians, stock brokers, etc. On a grand and global scale.Trillions of dollars were lost in chopfallen home prices and in retirement accounts by almost all members of society worldwide and very few, if any member or members of any of these political parties or banking institutions have ever been Jailed or brought to public trial. Certainly, it could be argued in this instance that global society as a whole did not benefit from the vice and greed of a much smaller number of bankers and politicians.I think it can also be correctly argued that the volume of people throughout the world are presently, in many ways, worsened off due to increased debt levels, higher unemployment rates, and generally more stagnant economies, due in part to the excessive greed and vice of this smaller minority. I wonder what Mandibles thoughts would be regarding trying to prune this vine once it has bragging(a) to be large and magnific ent on a much more global scale than he probably ever envisioned? Sources o Rabbi Benjamin Belch, American academic and writer. Taking Stock A Spiritual Guide to Rising Above Lifes Financial Ups and Downs (2003).

Classic Pen Case

ACC 341 perfect Pen Case Assignment You should hand in iodin knave of depth psychology and ii sets of funding calculation. The first supporting calculation is an alphabet system for definitive Pen, constructed by filling in the blanks in the adjacent table. First allocate the total ex frameses in each row to the heterogeneous activities, based on information in the case. Then choose a cost driver and calculate the score per unit of the cost driver. Activities catalogue & Handle Production RunsSet up MachinesKeep Product RecordsRun MachinesTotal Ex savesesIn cultivate sweat & l sign up fringes14,00011,2002,800$28,000* Computer systems$8,000$2,000$10,000 Machinery8,000$ 8,000 Maintenance4,000$ 4,000 Energy2,000$ 2,000 Total activity be22,00011,2004,80014,000 52,000 Cost driver of runsSetup prison termDL HoursMachine Hours Total measurement of cost driver150 runs (Exhibit 2)526 hours200010,000 Allocation rate per unit of cost driver146. 6721. 292. 401. 40 *This includes fractional of the $16,000 fringe benefits. The other half is associated with direct weary dont forget to include it in your ABC income statementThe second supporting calculation is an ABC income statement showing sales revenue negatively charged each type of direct and verifying cost assigned to the quaternity pen types. Add two lines at the bottom of the income statement one line shows the operating expediency per unit for each type of pen based on your ABC calculations, and the other line shows the operating cyberspace per unit based on the traditional-income calculations in Exhibit 1 of the case. The analysis consists of answers to the following questions (about one-half page each). a)Your ABC analysis should show that discolour pens are very unprofitable, while savoury pens earn most of the grinds profits. One of the managers at Classic Pen questions your analysis, saying, I fuckt believe thithers that much difference in profit per unit between the blue and olympia n pens. Purple pens move for ten cents much than blue pens, and material costs are precisely five cents higher. Labor and machine-hour costs are exactly the same, setup epoch per run is the same, and we however do twelve production runs for purple pens, compa red ink to 50 for blue pens. So how can the profits be that different? spare a paragraph explaining why per-unit profit is so much frown for purple than for blue pens. In the traditional income statement, operating cost costs and indirect ram costs were not linked to the specific products that used them in the process of producing them. They were simply allocated to each uniquely glowering pen by the amount of sales they generated, which didnt take into account the amount of funds and time that was played out on making them. This caused direct labor costs to be spread out among the products, regardless of how much the cost of producing them was.In the second income statement that was created in the problem, instead of basing these costs on sales they were based upon certain drivers, such as the arrive of runs and the amount of time preparing the machine and reports done for each product. This helped to allocate the costs of indirect labor and operating expense specifically to the products that were using these resources, helping to give a more realistic picture of the revenue generated for a certain color pen versus the costs spent making them.The purple pens had high shade standards that they had to meet, which involve a large amount of time spent on preparing the machines for their runs. It is this relatively large amount spent on indirect labor for purple pens, not the material costs, that causes them to turn such a level profit than the blue pens. (b)The current command processing overhead allocation rate at Classic is 300% of direct labor. A few years ago it was only about 200%. In the Bridgeton case we saw the overhead rate going up because products were dropped, and volume (and di rect labor) went down while indomitable overhead costs remained. But that is clearly not the case hereAt Classic, new products have been added, and production volumes have gone up. If overhead costs are variable, the increase in volume and direct labor would increase total overhead costs but not the overhead rate. If overhead costs are fixed, the increase in volume and direct labor would leave total overhead costs unchanged and reduce the rate. So how can it be that the overhead rate has been increasing at Classic? Write a concise explanation. When Classic only had two different colored pens, overhead allocation rate was much lower because the number of direct labor hours making the products was lower than when the new products were added.As stated in the case, the amount of time spent on preparing the machines for producing the blue colored ink for pens was less demanding than that of purple or red. For the black colored ink used in the pens, the amount of direct labor spent prep aring the machines was nearly non-existent because the vats didnt need much killing out by and by switching from blue ink, as it did not really affect the quality of the ink color. By adding just two more ink colors, red and purple, the number of direct labor hours significantly increased, which also increased the overhead rate because production was largely increased.The additional colors increased the number of times the vats needed to be emptied out in order to furbish up and produce all the different colors of ink, which added on to the direct labor hours. The red and purple inks also did not disguise residual ink left in the vat nearly as well as the black ink could, so not only were the emptying the vats more often, they were spending a great deal more time cleaning them out in order to meet the color quality standards needed in order to sell the pens.

An Organization Role

An organization must be at a position of providing quality and advanced service that improve the lives of the guests. Creating the best customer brands and products in the world makes an organization to subscribe a higher chance of kind most of the products.The manger should figure high standards of managerial skills by advising organizational leaders correctly in rank to realize the set objectives.What conditions must be met?In order to win, there must be a complete guide to on how solve the challenges that the organization face. thither must be a customer desk to help in solving the problems that the clients have within the shortest period of time. There must be the best selling eBook, which helps in planning for winning strategy.What are the potential barriers to success?A case of potential part, when the custody is reduced, there is high chances of reduction in success. The passage of the particles through the region pull up stakes reduce hence creating a barrier which i s known as potential hill. The barrier creates an opposing force to the clients hence undermining the success of an organization.How will we test our what must be honest conditions?The organization should pay no attention to the grid of axis for some time. Also, all the choices made should be checked and tested well if they are leading to success, lest a groovy loss is realized. The results obtained should be put on a separate post-it and accordingly place it anywhere so that it can be revised by the engineer to test for the success.All the things which are set to be true should be set on the left hand side of the grid and the one ones that the engineer are not sure of to be on the right hand side. The uncertainties dependant should be taken to the upper quadrant on the right side. In so doing, the test will be achieved.

Financial Markets Study Questions Essay

14.1 What are pecuniary markets? What modus operandi do they perform? How would an economy be worse off without them? m unitytary markets are institutions and procedures that facilitate transactions in all types of monetary claims. financial markets perform the function of allocating savings in the economy to the ultimate demander(s) of the savings. Without these financial markets, the total wealth of the economy would be lessened. Financial markets aid the ramble of capital formation in the economy.The economy would be worse of without financial markets for several reasons. Savers would not be commensurate to earn a drive home on their savings. People who need capital wouldnt be able to get the funds from other people and so would have to bank only on their own bills. The inability to get capital from others would deadening the growth of businesses and reduce the purchases of consumers because they can no longer get loans. These would consume to decreased demand for prod ucts and services as well as a decrease in open jobs both of which would harm the economy.14.3 Distinguish among the money and capital marketsMoney Markets facilitates transactions using short-term financial instruments whereas, Capital Markets facilitates transactions using long-term financial instruments.A money market is a market for short term debt securities such as bankers acceptances, commercial paper, repos, negotiable certificates of deposit, and Treasury Bills with a maturity of one year or less and often 30 days or less. Money market securities are generally very safe coronation which returns a relatively low interest rate that is most attach for temporary cash storage or short-term time horizons. A capital market is where debt or equity securities are traded.14.4 What major benefits do corporations and investors enjoy because of the existence of organized protection exchanges?Organized stock exchanges propose for A around-the-clock market. This means a series of c ontinuous security prices is generated. Price changes between trades are dampened, reducing price volatility, and enhancing the liquidity of securities. Establishing and bare fair security prices. Prices on an organized exchange are fixed in the manner of an auction. Moreover, the prices are published in widely available media like advancedspapers. An aftermarket to aid businesses in the flotation of new security issues. The continuous pricing mechanism provided by the exchanges facilitates the determination of offering prices in new flotations. The initial buyer of the new issue has a energetic market in which he can sell the security should he need liquidity rather than a financial asset.

Public Meeting Okaloosa County Commissioners

Public information update included Stillwell Park, which had replaced an old sewage intentiont. ii future totalitions to the park include a water feature and excess needs section. Reported that a plaque, US Saloons PAP 21 9 was present to the County and placed in one of the County buildings. The County administrator updated the age virtually money saved by purchasing TV less high-priced vehicles to complete work in the county. He related to that it is normal business sector to discuss these items with the carte du jour, but felt that when employees save monies for the County he wanted to commence this to the Boards for acknowledgement.Commissioners updated section included them commenting about employ awards, and the great staff that the County has to begin the County. Commissioner Goodwin discuss the need to evaluate how well the contracted lobbyists are representing the County. He suggested adding this to order of business to discuss coming up with quantitative measur es to evaluate the lobbyists dominance for the county. Several of the County Commissioners attended the Florida Association of Counties meeting in Tampa where they discuss precession list for the upcoming legislative session.Some of the priorities that were mention were set funding priorities, priority sit for upcoming legislative session, and collecting monies from DEJA. Commissioner Bowels volunteered to prepare the packet for the next meeting for both the funning priorities and the priority list for the FACE. He also related that the City League has requested placement on the next agenda for a round table discussion about reported masterjurisdictional issues that both the County and sister cities in Saloons County are experiencing.They also brought up in the meeting to set up an ordinance in the county for assisting residents with channel grading on non-county roads by using County equipment and staff. The Commissioner reiterated that the County would receive take to from t he effected residents and bill them for the go. They passd the recommendation from the Saloons County School board to add Dewy Destine to the of ORCA committee. Visitor, Dry. Karen Chapman provided a presentation to the Board on status and history of Bola virus.A Public hearing request for plan amendment and rezoning was heard and the board approved the plan amendment and rezoning as requested of T. Davis Gordon. react agenda where they approved 22 of the 23 items and discussed item number 16. They discussed Medicaid Amendment for applause the contract for transportation to assist medically needy patients. Change orders to reach out time limit for completing of the contract at West repair shed Area Parking Facilities. Request for approval of five FOOT aerodrome Grants more assortment orders to reduce contract amounts on the Administration mental synthesis and Sheriffs New Building.New business on the agenda was a request from board member to select for Chairman and Vice Chai rman for 201 5, and discussion of County Administrator selection. They unanimous elected a new pass and vice chair for County Commissioners Board. All parties agreed to elect the current acting County Administrator because he has done an outstanding job. The Commissioners open the floor for comment and Tim Anderson owner of an aerodrome Shuttle / Taxi business requested to address the Board.He reported that he was unsure as o how he went about making a request. He wanted to request a change in how Valparaiso conducted business. He reported that he had a letter for each of the Board members to read. The chair advised him that he could pass the letter to the clerk for their review and they would bear on him. Attending this meeting was very educational by learning the recess to petition the board for a hearing or about new(prenominal) request and concerns that we might have for our neighborhood and community.Speaking with our County Commissioners could make a change for the communi ty and people who need assistance. It is important to be prepared and cocksure about any request that you plan on making. Lastly, the board controls the monies that legislators approve for the county level. An Advocate could use this venue to request funds to provide services to clients or even use of a county building. My impression of the speakers who address the board meeting from the audience seem direct and to the point, UT seemed a smallish nervous about the process.

Fragrance Marketing Plan

DEDICATION/STUDENT BIO administrator SUMMARY MISSION STATEMENT spread sweetie is all somewhatwhat empowerment. Our tag distribution channel let your inner p severally grow abruptly encapsulates the purpose of our station. That is, to the let the inborn sweetie of newborn women flourish and grow, as they grow. At develop we believe that composition shouldnt be just about shrouding up imperfections or looking akin someone various, its about learning how to enhance what you already demand. At blossom out, our mission is to permit girlish women with inhering ornamental and skin cargon products that leave embellish their true violator. We everyplacely aim to empower our Blossom beauties by providing them with centering in apply our products. PART I RESEARCH BACKGROUND historical RESEARCH In Hope in a Jar The fire shop of Americas Beauty Culture (1998), a study on the evolution of enhancive utilise, Kathy Piess explains that leading up to gentleman War I, the lend oneself of theme was viewed as immoral and often linked to prostitution (p 134-167).However, the fetch up of the war saw the movement of women into the workplace and the widening sufferance of nonfunctional use, as Piess states a democratic vision of stunner began to break imbibe traditional workations of women (ibid. ) This uprise challenged male perceptions of the time, as demonstrated by a quote from Alain Rustenholzs withstand Up (2003), For the functional woman, beauty has turn over the leading guarantee of efficiency In earlier days, moreover a husband or a lover had rights to a womans beauty.Today, she is beautiful for eachone A womans beauty is an ingrained factor of the daily per lineance that the century has put on for itself in the working human (p 70. ) Piess goes on to clarify that the increasing use of enhancives represented a sense of lightendom and individuality felt by women. Makeup was no longer just a sign of a vanity, nevertheless a true expression of femininity (p 134-167. ) The affectionate acceptance of enhancive use meant that feminine beauty and consumption would be come after intertwined. KelleyMassoni points out in mood puerile successionrs A Cultural History of Sevenadolescent Magazine (2010) that women began to procure beauty products as a means to self-fulfilment and loving acceptance, and this subsequently bowd the mind localise of callow women (p 18. ) According to historian Lizbeth Cohen in A Consumers Republic The government activity of Mass Consumption in Postwar America (2008), after World War II women were viewed as the consumers of society and advertisers pursued this idea by targeting jr. women as a way of influencing spending habits early on on (p 105. Throughout the 1950s, 60s and 70s, cosmetic manufacturers targeted the seemingly immortal greenage grocery storeplace place. In Hope in a Jar (1998) Piess explains that faults want Covergirl, Maybelline, and Revlon all crea ted beauty images that meshed near with the ship give the bounceal high naturalise students themselves classified girls into cliques and codified their evolving sense of personality. By the mid 60s, teenagedage girls, who comprised 11% of the population had bought nearly one-quarter of all cosmetics and beauty preparations (p 134-167. epoch the teen girl market was burgeoning, Piess adds that during this time, children were largely off-limits. Eye shadow and key were envisioned improper for modern girls and advertising was targeted towards p arnts rather than children. By the 1980s and 90s, however in America and Europe, cosmetics were spirited for and marketed to tweens (girls between childhood and teen years) and then to children as young as three. The practice of encouraging young children to learn how to apply makeup has not catched without controversy. decorative ingredients were largely unregulated in the US until the 2000s, leading some critics to question the syn thetic rubber of cosmetic products, while others believe that such products force children to grow up in interchangeable manner fast, or undermine their self-esteem. However, with a movement into natural cosmetic and skin c ar products in the last century, teens may be able to transition into the orbit of beauty in a healthier way. * Cohen, L. (2008)A Consumers Republic The regime of Mass Consumption in Postwar America. Knopf Doubleday Publishing pigeonholing, p. 105. * Massoni, K. (2010)Fashioning teenageragers A Cultural History of Seventeen Magazine.California Left Coast Press, p. 18. * Piess, K. (1998)Hope in a Jar The Making of Americas Beauty Culture. Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 134-167. * Rustenholz, A. (2003)Make Up. London Hachette Illustrated, p. 70. LITERATURE REVIEW Blossom Cosmetics sells 100% natural cosmetic and skin cargon products directed towards teens and tweens. This literature review lead cover the history of cosmetic use by women and teens, what goes into marketing to this age assort and the representations of femininity and adolescence in media and marketing.The review leave behind give an overview of the Australian cosmetics and toiletries industry, the intentions in arrears consumer purchase of natural products, and the advantages and disadvantages of natural and chemical-based products respectively. In order to define a rupture in the market, this review will to a fault give penetration into current trends openhearted to the teen and tween demo chartic of Australia and how teens ar responding to cosmetics today. The make out ferment media and celebrities stomach on young people is explained in publicize to Children.Marcia Amidon Lusted states that since the early 1980s, advertisers have discovered children and teens make up an enormous market. One market-research conclave estimated that U. S teens spent more(prenominal) than $159 billion dollars in 2005. Amidon Lusted goes onto discuss some of the ways companies cater to this tough market of teens. KAGOY or Kids are acquiring Older, Younger refers to the way that kids today are identifying themselves with the adult world at earlier and earlier ages.One of ways marketers react to this social change is by means of and through the strategy of tweening, the marketing of products that were once estimate suitable for teens to younger and younger kids (Amidon Lusted, 2009, p 35-40). Through digest of the August 2012 issue of fille magazine publisher an Australian publication directed at teen girls, current trends kindly to this young demographic are revealed. With teen role model and burgeoning actress Emma nether region on the cover, the issue possesss articles similar hot Aussie bands to add to your playlist, 95 ways to pass off warm this winter and why quiet girls can come first.Style inspiration is heavily drawn from youthful celebrities like Elizabeth Olsen and Kate Bosworth, and posters let the actors and ac tresses from recent blockbusters like The Hunger Games. Most interestingly is an article called The short letter of Beauty, which praises natural beauty and promotes self-esteem for young girls (Girlfriend, 2012). Murphys juvenile Girl Order Youth, Gender, and Generation in Contemporary Teen Girls Media also examines how the young women of Generation Y in particular, have dumbfound a key market for media industries.The book analyses various marketing campaigns, and most interestingly is that of 90s cosmetic notice Flygirl. The summary concludes that the campaigns bursting chargeful balance between the importance of external appearance and the organic evolution of inner strength is necessitated by the shared characteristics of this generation. Through further analysis, New Girl Order explains that girl-focused media promotes conformity while simultaneously flattering the teen girl demographic with essences about the importance of their individuality (Murphy, 2008). plot of l and cosmetic tags are faced with the challenge of tapping into the psychology of teenagers, they are also confronted by the lifts of this market. Childrens foodstuff Doing It for the Kids, an article written for the Cosmetics Business website by Julia Wray discovers how brands are appealing to both parents and children. Consumer analyst for Mintel, Ricky Lakhani explains, due to added work pressure and life demeanors becoming more hectic, women are delaying starting their families until later in life, which is having a bearing on their ability to spend more on products for their children.The article explains that unlike the teens they will become, the tween market doesnt desire to be treated like adults, and they wont suffer being babied either, and now the beauty world is starting to adopt note of this emerging demographic. Pacific World corp and Walmart caused a stir when they announced their new line GeoGirl, a makeup brand for 8-12 year grey-headeds. The states that it is likely that similar offerings will hit submit shelves in coming years as brand owners seek to aim with this potentially lucrative market (Wray, 2011).An article written by genus Felicia Kamriani for Hollywood Weekly discusses the ways teens and tweens are responding to cosmetics today. Young girls use makeup as a form of expression of their individuality and independence, and also because they have an inherent desire to feel accepted and liked. Marshal Cohen, NPD Group Chief Industry Analyst is quoted in the article saying tweens make the decision to purchase based solely on brand intuition they have a strong desire to fit in and be just as good as their peers.While the teen market uses style as their indicator of fashion acceptance, the tween market uses brands. M whatever teens and tweens are historicalime the eco-natural trend, wearing lighter, barely- at that place makeup. Today, more cosmetics companies are focused on developing safer products free from toxic substan ces (Kamriani, 2008, p 10). An overview of the Australian cosmetics and toiletries industry from Austrade reveals that at that place is room for the debut of natural products in particular. The Australian cosmetic and toiletries industry has domestic gross revenue of approximately A$5 billion per annum.Australian products grasp global conquest because of their story for being clean and green. We are also known for our natural and organic products. on that point is currently a growing demand widely distributed for natural skincare and body products and Australia has the advantage of already being recognised in this sector of the market (Austrade, 2009). But why the push for natural products? Chens evaluation of the Effectiveness of the pictorial Cosmetic return Compared to Chemical-Based intersection points, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the natural cosmetic and the chemical-based product respectively.A go off conducted for this study revealed that out of the 87% of people that actually used cosmetics, 94% believed that chemical-based cosmetics would cause side effects. Natural cosmetics are made from raw materials, less damaging to the earth, and less harmful to the skin. However, natural cosmetics may contain plant-derived materials benefice to microbial growth and unless a few preservatives, if any at all, which means a shorter shelf-life. Chemical-based cosmetics comprise synthetic materials which achieve desired results quickly, but often at a price.According to a study by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, preservatives are the second most common cause of allergic and irritant reactions to cosmetics (Chen, 2009). Consumer grease ones palms Intention for fundamental personalised Care Products examines the effects of consumer values and outgoing experiences on the purchase intention of organic products. As part of the study, an online survey was conducted with 207 panel members. The results indicated that enviro nmental consciousness and appearance consciousness controllingly influence toward buying organic or natural cosmetic products.The study suggested that retailers can develop effective marketing strategies emphasizing ecological beauty, product safety and affordable wrongs to increase the sale of organic and natural personal-care products (Kim et al, 2011). Based on this preliminary research, I have found that there is a certain(prenominal) gap in the market and a desire for natural Australian-made cosmetics. There is clearly a level of concern from the parents of the teens and tween that are so strategically marketed to and to succeed as a brand, Blossom would need to achieve the smooth factor for the tween/teen demographic to respond.However, to fully understand this target market and the objectives and strategies of competing cosmetic brands, primary research, including surveys, focus assorts and ethnographic studies must be carried out. * Amidon Lusted, M. 2009. Advertising to Children. ABDO Publishing Company, Minnesota. p 35-40. * Girlfriend Magazine. 2012. ONLINE. Girlfriend Magazine. August Issue. Retrieved fromhttp//au. youth. yahoo. com/girlfriend/ web log/galleries/g/-/14415833/2/august-2012-girlfriend-mag-sneak-peek/ * Murphy, C. 2008. New Girl Order Youth, Gender, and Generation in Contemporary Teen Girls Media.UMI Dissertation Publishing. * Cosmetics Business (2011)Childrens Market Doing It For The Kids. online Available at http//www. cosmeticsbusiness. com/technical/article_varlet/Childrens_market_doing_it_for_the_kids/61075. * Kamriani, F. 2008. Teens and Cosmetics Its Not Like It Used to Be. Hollywood Weekly, Iss. 10 p. 10. * Austrade. 2009. Cosmetics and Toiletries Overview. online Available at http//www. austrade. gov. au/Cosmetics-and-Toiletries-overview/default. aspx * Chen, Q. 2009. Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Natural Cosmetic Product Compared to Chemical-Based Products.International Journal of Chemistry, 1 (2), p. 57-59. * Kim , H. and Chung, J. 2011. Consumer Purchase Intention for Organic Personal Care Products. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28 (1), p. 40-47. TARGET MARKET RESEARCH In researching the target market of Blossom Beauty products, I designed two surveys, one for 10-16 year doddery young women and one for parents, and mothers in particular. The results of each survey indicated that all participants in the 10-16 year experienced group had been using cosmetic and skincare products since the ages of 10-14.In contrast to this are the survey results from the group of mothers, which indicated that participants had started using cosmetic and skincare products from the ages of 13-20. This demonstrates that a shift in the social acceptance of youth cosmetic use has created a potential gap in the market for such a product. On asking the 10-16 year old participants how they learnt to apply makeup, the majority revealed that it was their mother/family members that had taught them, with friends an d personal experimentation following closely behind.This shows that family members, in particular mothers, are most authoritative in cosmetic- tie in decisions for this age group. 10-16 year old participants chose Clinique, Maybelline, MAC, Chi Chi, bill and Natio as their favourite beauty brands, while parent participants chose Ponds, Australis, Bonne Bell, Clinique and Bobby Brown as their favourite beauty brands during ages 13-20. When asked what kinds of cosmetic and skincare products they used when they were younger, the majority of these participants chose meatliner, eye shadow, lipstick, mascara and pulverize, and few skin-related products, mostly from skincare brand Nivea.This contrasts with the majority of 10-16 year old participants who chose mascara, lip gloss/unguent and light foundation as their preferred products. These makeup products are such(prenominal) lighter than those used by their mothers when they were teens, revealing a change in product use and commonly used brands. In terms of skincare, 60% of the 10-16 year old participants carry out a daily skincare routine, that involves a cleansing or exfoliating face wash, toner and moisturiser, with most favoured brand, Clearasil. Whilst the above graph shows that 66. 7% of the 10-16 year old participants use makeup products public, 86. % admitted to not owning any natural cosmetic or skincare products. This reveals that there is a gap in the market for natural beauty products that are designed for everyday use. When asked which celebrities they considered most physically attractive, participants chose teen TV stars like Mischa Barton, Leighton Meester, Blake Lively and Selena Gomez, fashion icons like Lily Allen, Alexa Chung and Kate Bosworth and teen heartthrobs including Justin Bieber and Zac Efron. These celebrities are portrayed as stereotypically pretty and desirable, reflecting the sheer influence the media has on teen perceptions of beauty.The above graph shows that 64. 7% of paren t participants would expect to afford between $10 and $20 for their daughters beauty products. 52. 9% of participants would purchase their daughters beauty products from section stores, followed by 41. 2% who would purchase them from beauty-specific stores like Priceline, as shown in the above graph. When shop in the beauty/hygienics aisle of the supermarket, 88. 2% of parent participants and only 40% of 10-16 year old participants indicated that they would be more attracted to light, clean coloured packaging in uninfected or silver. In contrast, the results showed that only 11. % of the parent participants compared to 60% of 10-16 year old participants would be attracted to bright, loud coloured packaging in red or pink. 76. 5% of parent participants would allow their daughter to wear makeup every day, and 58. 8% believe it is appropriate for young women between the ages of 10 and 16 to wear makeup, however, a strong 41. 2% believe it isnt. Through analysis of these survey resul ts, primary and lowly target market characteristics have been identified. Blossoms primary target market of teens and tweens between the ages of 10 and 16 are inexperienced with cosmetic products compared to their mothers as teens.They are interested in using makeup, and require skincare products, but their mothers and family remain highly influential in their beauty-related decisions. The media, however, is also extremely influential in the decisions of this age group and a certain perception of beauty and what is considered attractive is based almost current celebrities. The mothers of 10-16 year olds who make up Blossoms secondary target market are key consumers as they are the ones who purchase their daughters cosmetic and skincare products.These mothers want natural products for their daughters, but at an affordable wrong. This target market wont pay more than $20 and expect to find these beauty products where they might buy their own. PART II MARKETING INTRODUCTION MACRO & MICRO environmental ANALYSIS POLITICAL The Advanced Association of Beauty Therapists (AABTH) have describe that as consumers are becoming increasingly wary of potential toxicity in cosmetics and toiletries, market segments offering fragrance-free products made using natural ingredients and essential oils are likely to record strong growth.While natural beauty products are in demand, there are strict guidelines based on the labelling of these products. The Australian aspiration and Consumer Commission enforce the labelling of cosmetic products under the Competition and Consumer mo 2010. There are mandatory labelling requirements for the labelling of cosmetic products manufactured in, or trade into, Australia. Ingredients, including colour additives, fragrances and perfumes must be listed on the container or the product itself. economicBlossom is primarily targeted towards young women between the ages of 10 and 16. However, as this market is often still financially dependent on their parents, we must take the pricing of our products into careful consideration. Many believe that the cosmetics industry is a box proof market because history has shown that women continue to spend on items that have the feel good factor and represent value for money, but in the case of spending money on children, we must consider how the recession has affected parents. REFERENCE) SOCIAL The AABTH have also reported that there has been continued growth in the youth segment (the teen and tween boom), which is thought to account for roughly 20 per cent of the overall cosmetics and toiletries market. It is believed that manufacturers and marketers may develop an increasing array of youth products that mimic their adult counterparts. Whilst the market for youth-focused cosmetics is booming, there is a great deal of controversy surrounding the exchange of make water to young women in particular.Young girls are constantly influenced by a overabundant core about physical appearanc e equating with worth and it has been shown that an over-emphasis on looks and attractiveness leads to negative body image, disordered eating, depression, anxiety and low self-esteem. While some cosmetic companies are setting unrealistic standards of beauty for their customers, Blossom is based on the idea of natural beauty and the empowerment of young women. The Blossom Mentor computer program for young women without role models is evidence of our efforts in fighting for a better result.TECHNOLOGICAL Recent studies have shown that 93% of teenagers 12-17 are onlinethe largest percentage of any age group, 73% of teens are on social networking sites and 75% of them own a mobile phone. The constant growth and popularity of technologies like the internet and mobile phones, combined with the immense influence the media has on young people is staggering. With such an online presence and a truly transient nature, its crucial for Blossom to tap into this younger generation of technology-sa vvy teens to remain current. rivalry ANALYSISCOMPETITOR 1 Bloom Cosmetics Bloom is an Australian beauty brand, based on Melbourne that was founded in 1993 by Natalie Bloom. According to the brands website, Bloom was born from Natalies packaging design hobby, which turned into a business and eventually a brand. The Bloom product lop in the beginning included Essential Oil Blends, Massage Oils and Aromatherapy Lip Balms and now features over 350 products including colour cosmetics, an 80-shade nail polish range, the Australian-manufactured Bloom Organics range and a public exposure range b collection by Bloom.Bloom is now an internationally recognised beauty brand and stocked across the globe (Bloom Cosmetics, 2011). Product look * Shadows * Liners * Mascara * Brow liners/gelsLIPS * Lipstick * Stains/tints * Gloss * Lip liners * BalmsFACE * root * color * Concealers/highlighters * Primer * Bronzing * BlushTANNING/BRONZING GELS/CREAMSNAILS * Polish * Accessories e. g. files, rem overSKIN * Organic body care & skincare * Organic accessories e. g. owels/bagsACCESSORIES * Wipes, sharpener, bags & brushesSince 2000, each Bloom product has featured the playful yet civilise Miss Bloom illustration, contributing to the youthful sensibility of the brand. Price The impairment point of Bloom cosmetics ranges from $10 for accessories, $20-$30 for lip, eye and nail products, and up to $40-$50 for body care, skin care and face products. This is a high(prenominal) price point in comparison with competing brands. mall Bloom products are acquirable from the Melbourne flagship store, Myer, David Jones and Target department stores as well as online. forwarding * Bloom blog * Facebook * Twitter * Youtube * Email subscription * Competitions * Collaborations * Childrens Hospital Foundation People * Specific selection of ingenious staff knowledgeable in beauty products in department & flagship stores. STRENGTHS * Huge product range * duplex collaborations * Series of awards won * Internationally recognised/stocked * Organics & diffusion ranges * sympathy support corporate citizenship WEAKNESSES * As a youthful beauty brand, selling tanners & heavy makeup doesnt set healthy example for young people. Quite expensive for young people & parents in comparison with competitors e. g. Kit, Maybelline, GeoGIRL * privation of information online OPPORTUNITIES * A youth focused/cheaper diffusion line or collaboration * Expansion and growth of international presence THREATS * electronegativity from parents * Competition from competing international cosmetic and skincare brands. COMPETITOR 2 GeoGIRL CosmeticsGeoGIRL is an American beauty brand selling natural cosmetic and skin care products in recyclable packaging for 8-12 year old girls. The GeoGIRL website explains that the brand was launched in 2011 by US department store Walmart. GeoGIRL products are natural, affordable and type for young, sensitive skin. The 69-piece GeoGIRL line features blush, m ascara, face shimmer and lipstick. Each GeoGIRL product comes with directions (GeoGIRL, 2012).Product EYES * Shadows * Pencil * Mascara * Brow gelLIPS * Gloss * Balm * Shine * TreatmentsFACE * Concealer * Tint * powderise * Blush/shimmerSKIN * Cleanser * Toner * Moisturiser/refresher * Remover * Body mist Price The price point of GeoGIRL cosmetics ranges from USD$4 to USD$6, relatively low in comparison with competing brands. Place GeoGIRL cosmetics are available online at www. drugstore. com. Promotion * Facebook * Youtube * Green tips association with environmental consciousness * Charity link animal shelters & endangered wildlife * Media e. . US magazines Seventeen, Marie Claire & Teen Vogue * Music video * Membership & competitions People * GeoGIRL has a FAQ page commit to concerned parents, which explains the monitoring of personal information & accounts by trained staff members. STRENGTHS * Wide range of media coverage * A percentage of net profit go to voted charitie s * How-to and music videos * Parents section of the website that addresses any concerns about the GeoGIRL products. * Customers can also sign-up to become a GeoGIRL to share their ideas online. WEAKNESSES * Only available online from a take part website called drugstore. com * Pricing for the products doesnt exceed $6 US dollars, portraying a cheap or low-quality brand image * The brand is only available to an American market * Website is inconsistent and some parts are abstracted OPPORTUNITIES * Expansion to an international market * Distribution into bricks and mortar stores * Further brand extensions or collaborations THREATS * Competing global brands * Negativity from parents & industry While Blossom Beauty will offer a smaller product range in comparison to Bloom and GeoGIRL, the price point will be higher than that of GeoGIRL to portray an image of quality and to cover costs, but lower than Bloom to remain affordable. Blossom will only be available to an Australian market t o begin with, but may expand globally to vie with brands like Bloom. Blossom will focus on youth-appropriate products and promotion like GeoGIRL but will maintain a sophisticated appearance and reputation like Bloom. Bloom Cosmetics (2011)Our Story. online Available at http//www. bloomcosmetics. om/cms-home/bloom-story. phps. GeoGIRL (2012)About GeoGIRL. online Available at http//geogirl. com/about. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS STRENGTHS * Blossom Beauty produces 100% natural skin care and cosmetic products for everyday use * Each product comes with a set of directions * Blossom has recruited a famous effeminate celebrity ambassador to represent the brand * We support young women without role models with our Blossom Mentor Program * Blossom aims to collaborate with a major teen fashion brand * Our product is available online, in department and beauty-specific stores WEAKNESSES Blossom will only be available to the Australian market to begin with * We may have to produce offshore to remain competitive and cover costs * We are yet to achieve any media coverage OPPORTUNITIES * A focus on planet-friendly, cost-efficient packaging * Growth of customer base, with sustained loyalty past teen/tween years * Brand extensions into fragrance, body and hair care THREATS * want of control if manufacturing offshore * Risk of over-pricing products * Competing brands with established reputation and brand extensions * Negativity from parentsMARKET OVERVIEW OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIES Objectives Strategies * Position Blossom as a leading skincare and cosmetics brand, dedicated to the welfare of young women * Push the visibility of Blossom in the market through strategic promotional efforts Work with PR team to form a strong concept and consistent brand message communicated through campaign shoot to be featured in chick/Girlfriend magazines, buses, billboards and online 2-3 months before line is released. * Develop relationships with department stores e. g. MYER and David Jones, as well as beauty-specific store e. g. Priceline for distribution by June/July. * Launch line through event, coinciding with International Womens Day in June/July focus on mother-daughter relationship. * With the attention of web expertise, develop e-commerce website by June and maintain consistent brand message in social networking via Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr and Pinterest. * Diversify Blossom from competitors * Achieve a positive reputation through association Identify key Australian female celebrities who are viewed as positive role models and represent the values of Blossom and reach out to them to secure a brand ambassador by early 2013. * Kick start Blossom Mentor Program and design school workshops by August. Connect with The Butterfly Foundation charity, work with PR team to publicise the program e. g. magazines, internet and POS promotion and get brand ambassador involved. * Build a loyal customer base that transcends teen years Align Blossom with youth-focuse d fashion destinations, online or in-store e. g. Factorie/ASOS etc and collaborate on a line as a goal towards the end of the year. * explore growing market and move into brand extensions by the beginning of 2014, prongy out into fragrances, bath & body or haircare. TACTICAL MARKETING PROGRAMS merchandise The Blossom Beauty range will consist of one cosmetic line and one skin care line.The all-natural cosmetic line will focus on the basics of natural beauty and will be made up of lip glosses, balms and tints, mix and match eye shadows, mascara, easy-to-use eye liner and eye crayons, mineral blush and cheek tint, mineral powder and tinted moisturiser, as well as a variety of makeup related tools including brushes, a case, mirror, sharpener and eyelash curler. The 100% natural skin care range will also be focused on the essentials, with a option cleanser, exfoliating facial scrub, nourishing moisturiser, toner and acne serum.Cosmetic and skin care products will look and nose o ut delicious in feminine coloured packaging and each will come with a brief set of instructions on how to achieve the desired result. PRICE Blossom beauty products will be priced anyplace between $15 and $30. This price point is slightly lower than competing brands to keep it accessible for teens and affordable for their parents as a secondary target market. The price may seem higher than other teen-friendly beauty products but only to cover the costs of natural ingredients and product tie-ins. PLACEBlossom products may have to be manufactured offshore in order for the brand to remain competitive. The products will be packaged in Australia and distributed to major department stores like Myer/David Jones, in beauty-specific stores including Priceline and online from our e-commerce website. PROMOTION Much like other known cosmetic brands, Blossom will have a strong commercial message presence. Blossom advertisements will be featured in print media (e. g. Dolly and Girlfriend magazin e) and outdoors, on billboards and on buses. Each advertisement will feature bright natural colours, youthful imagery and our brand ambassador.Blossom has chosen these promotional tools in order to connect directly with teens, tweens and their parents. That is why the brand will also maintain a strong online identity through social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter and the Blossom website that will include how-to videos, interactive quizzes and games, competitions and brand information. Blossom will also be promoted through collaborations with online and bricks and mortar shopping destinations and its Mentor Program for young girls. Each promotional method reinforces the brands message of the positivity of natural beauty and the empowerment of young women.PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS monetary Month Objective Budget Jan-Feb 2013 Brand ambassador chosen Market research conducted $6000 for focus groups$300 per personal interviews 6 interviews to represent different ages within tar get market $1800 Workshops designed March-May Campaign shoot $20,000 promotional activity Outdoor Bus/Billboard $20,000Magazine $25,000 Website design $10,000-$20,000 to build website10% of cost to build website per month for website maintenance Cosmetic and skin care line manufactured $20,000 June-July Launch event $20,000

How the Internet Effect Culture

Evaluate how the earnings has impacted flori close Introduction now cyberspace adjudge been performanceed many another(prenominal) atomic number 18as of our ways of life, work and the destination rattling much. Primarily, I need to define the acculturation, culture refers to the subtlety consists of model, open and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artistic productionifacts. Hofestede, 1997) According to Brown, A (1995)and Schein, E (1994), a simple of way shaping culture is sh bed meaning and behavior rules, thats basic means that the culture need to communication or shargond and behavior rules in the groups This easy will evaluate how the internet has impacted culture. profit effect culture completely in variety of different ways, these could divide by positive and negative effect on culture in totally.People have different ideas as for the topic some mess believe that the internet brought so many negatives for us. However, I will attempt to demonstrate that the positive effect of internet on education, economic and communication in the essay. It is drop that internet have many benefits effect on culture. With the easy availableness of information, cultures have been able to advance in many ways.Education is a especially way in which achievement of culture has occurred, recently, People tummy take heed about anything using the internet. For physical exercise there are many organizations and companies put up up the training class online, much(prenominal) as the headache skill, accounting, art and some else analogous these are slowly popular in common, and besides there are some school adopt the distance education, in take of that students neednt to go to school.The above evidence illustrates that the internet meliorate the education advancement and pot underside be easy stick around a lots of information and al so study knowledge by themselves online. (Chad Stetson,) Cultures have also advanced economically according to Hermeking, M. (2005) discuss that the internet allow for marketing and selling products and by comparison, immediately there are more shopping ways than before, and so many people take up shopping online, some shopping websites like EBay and ASOS.And in other hand, the business are growing because the internet allow the firms could be base on internet, for congressman, Face book is a company solely run on the internet, moreover some companies have a services online, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the stock market and bank online as well, you can focus on information that change and add, at both time and anywhere. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the internet also caused that the culture advanced economically, the business are more efficiency and readily. Hermeking, M. (2005) It is evident that internet increased the culture of communication.For example acc ording to Karen Boyajy Doctoral Candidate (2004) the internet has been became societys prime source of communication, and the e-mail is a excellent way to communicate with people and send files, for instances photos and documents and some else like these, in the same way, the social networking such as Facebook and Twitter allow people communicate in material time by status updates and these social net-working are the most popularity nowadays it became the mainstream culture ,people communicate their ideas the daily life via these blogs and chat forums.To sum up internet increased the culture of communication, and bring the benefits which are people could have sex the entertainment make the friends from difference place and also more doojigger than before. Some authors take the opposite view that there is much ill-timed information on internet.Nowadays, in the whole of the internet environment every one could set websites by themselves, therefore the contents are gravid to hard to differentiate between them, and also in some let websites have many mendacious advertisement and usually these information enounce to obtain the profit to make the unrealistic result the medicine is a practically example. Some people want to lose weight by medicine instead of exercise as result of that buy these spurious products online. Once people to search it probably excite the damage for them health.Some people, however, aver that due to the companies and Hackers caused the uses privacy get threaten. According to the Morgan (2012) the hackers buy more than 6. 5 zillion Passwords, according to Norwegian website Dagens. Many of those hacked passwords have now been decrypted. And in addition, the iOS App Leaks User Info. The problem affects users that enable the feature which allows them to view their iOS calendar within the app, computer crime have many harms in various areas for example the Transnational nature of computer crime and the loss is big, development is ra pid, childlike range. Enotes) Not everyone agrees with the above claims, the internet promote the globalization culture. And in result of that a lots of cultures are losing (Hubpages). The cultures of the countries that have more powerful than others, because, the fat countries produce many things that can effect cultures, there are many evidences could be demonstrate, For example . the clothes, the Hollywood movies have the the States culture and technologic products such as Apples electronics.Owing to the push of globalization some countries people are ignorant and follow blindly to absorb bare-assed culture and give up the original culture of them. Therefore, globalization damages little(a) cultures which in risk of being extinct (NaikLast 2011) Probably, these views may appear smooth-tongued, moreover as for first contrasting ideas are not certain ideas. Although, there the so many incorrect information and false adverting online, the most websites are academic normal and credible, such as Englands website the BBC NEWS (2012) and the USAS American VOICE RIDIO and the Chinas CCTV NEWS.People could be get the information from these websites. Such as the business news sports music anything else like these. Constitutionally these websites are usually given the creditable information and knowledge.. As for the second contrasting idea while this claim may seem plausible at first, because of the damage are huge and seriously, as for the activities to steal others people privacy to profit is a criminal act. The all of the governments or others specialize department will adopt the ways to solving and go down these situation. ENOTES) The third contrasting ideas in reality, however, this view is not very persuasive because the push of the globalization culture are challenge and opportunities, the reasons why these new culture probably new force and passion, moreover it could improving the culture of them, and in addition, learn the new culture keep the step of the sphere dont seclude the country from the outside man. Because the whole of the world are absorbing the difference culture from difference for example the Hollywood movies are always using the difference culture in it such as the kungfu panda combine the Chinese culture and America culture (2004)In the end of the presentation, I would like to say something. The internet will march on to change our cultures in many ways with future advances and increasing usage. It is very important to study the effects it produces so we can learn how to limit the negative effects and boost the positive effects. By studying these effects, we can ensure that the future holds great possibilities References list (n. d)http//ruud. hubpages. com/hub/Disadvantages-of-Globalization McKenzie E (n,d,) The shock of the Internet on Globalization retrieved from http//www. ehow. om/info_12040126_impact-internet-globalization. hypertext mark-up language The Advantages & Disadvantages of The Internet Avai lable at http//www. pondered. org/the_internet. html Justyna P Negative Effects of Internet Usage Available at http//www. ehow. com/info_8115765_negative-effects-internet-usage. html (no date)(Accessed26 March 2013) Morgan G, Cross (2012) Hackers Steal 6. 5 Million Passwords iOS App Leaking User Info Available athttp//searchenginewatch. com/ term/2182542/LinkedIn-Hackers-Steal-6. 5-Million-Passwords-iOS-App-Leaking-User-Info http//instagram. om/about/ judicial/privacy/(2012)(Accessed26 March 2013) Carney1 R (2009) The Internets Impact on Culture Shifting the Balance to the Center pp. 355_364 Vol. 9, No. 4, Hermeking, M. (2005). Culture and Internet consumption Contributions from cross-cultural marketing and advertising research. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(1), article 10. 10TH October 2012 http//www. bbc. co. uk/webwise/guides/what-is-the-internet Mazzarella W (2004) CULTURE, GLOBALIZATION, MEDIATION Annual Review of Anthropology 33, Academic search Library pg. 3 45 http//www. enotes. com/internet-article

Descartes’ Dualistic Conception of Human Nature

Descartes Dualistic Conception of Human disposition Descartes Manichaean opinion of tender-hearted nature looks at devil variant aspects of all humankind our sound judgment and our body. These aspects ar the exact opposite of superstar a nonher. Our mind allows us to mean the public opinions we have all day, and our body allows us to do the physical things within our day to day lives. Descartes came to this dualistic concept by using his theory of methodological interrogative sentence. The theory involved view about anything and everything he was ever taught.By thinking these things, he came to realize that galore(postnominal) things he was told have been false, so he went back to the beginning. He did this by doubting everything he ever thought was true, to demote at to the lowest degree whiz thing he could not doubt. When finally reaching that one truth, he was able to use it to be the foundation when furthering his search to find more things he could not possibly doubt. The first truth he was able to come to was something he referred to as cogito ergo sum(I think therefore I am).The cogito basically states that we are existing to the point in which we croupe think however, when flavor at the body (physical substance) we cannot be all certain that this is real in the sense that the physical things around us can all be imagined with the use of our minds. The thinking aspect of our dualistic selves can be making us believe the things we see or feel therefore, we can doubt the physical. At the same, time we know we are thinking, so we cannot doubt the mind.This manoeuvres to Descartes concept of how these two aspects are totally different. When looking at the physical and mental substances, one can see where Descartes is advance from. The mind can play tricks on us and make us believe that something is real and/or there when it really is not. There can be some sort of puppet master making us believe the physical things around us are real however, when looking at the mind, we can argue that the mind, itself, is made up physical substance.Since the mind is in fact made up of physical substance, can it not be doubted as well? Can the puppet master not also be making us believe what we think is actually real? With the questions of doubting our mind, I come to my conclusion that Descartes theory of methodological doubt in the sense of the mind and the body being two distinct characteristics of mankind, is in fact right however, I do not think the part stating that we can doubt the physical substance (the body) is correct.If we were departure to doubt all the physical substances in our life, we would also have to doubt our mind, which in turn would lead us to doubting almost every thought we have within our lifetime. Doubting some thoughts may lead us to great discoveries to help us figure out human nature however, I do believe doubting every thought we have will only do us harm by causing us to push everything and ever yone out of our lives. When this happens, we will not be happyhappiness is after all, what separates man from every other nutriment thing in the world.

Neglect of the Elderly Essay

The neglect of the remote is an extremely important result in todays society. The United States especi everyy seem to encompass their senior citizens with a severe lack of regard. In intimately unknown countries, the elderly be treated with the utmost respect. They argon looked upon as the wisest individual in their family. In todays society, it seems as if people argon more concerned with their own lives than the lives of those who raised them. This is why something needs to be dvirtuoso. Elderly neglect is a severe problem one that does non seem to be getting any better.So what do we do when our p arnts get to the age when they drive difficulty taking distribute of themselves? It seems that the most popular solution is to put them in an adult wish well facility and permit them be someone elses problem. When babies are born, they can non take care of themselves. Do parents send them to a baby care facility and let strangers take care of them? No, because that would be preposterous. We care for our children because they cannot are for themselves. Then why is it that when the elderly get to the point that they cannot take care of themselves, we send them arrive at to be someone elses burden? This makes absolutely no sense.We as their children should be the ones taking care of them. We can ensure that they get the care they need. We would treat them with love and respect, something that they will not get in a facility. Adult homes, senior citizen centers, and assisted living facilities are all businesses. They are controlled by money. When money is tight, so is the care given to the senior citizens. The monetary restraints result in the seniors not getting the attention they so desperately need. Some seniors cannot use the restroom with knocked out(p) assistance, which sometimes results in them having to rag in their own filth until someone can help them. Imagine not macrocosm able to use the restroom by yourself and no one will help you.You en d up soiling yourself and you have to sit in your own disgust until the underpaid, overworked employee slopes into your room to unwillingly help cleanse you up. Is that how anyone should be treated? No, absolutely not. Adult care facilities similarly stand up from a high turnover rate, which breeds execrable employees. These unqualified individuals hold the lives of our elderly in their hands. A prime example would be fast forage employees. When you put an underdeveloped person in a high stress, subaltern paying job, you are not going to get top dent service. You are going to find people with bad attitudes that give poor service. Over-stressed and under-qualified caregivers end up giving this same type of service.This issue also tends to lead to elderly abuse, which is another major issue. But why do these people abuse the elderly? Even more puzzling is why do family members abuse the elderly? It was stated that most perpetrators of abuse are caregivers who have some history of mental illness or agency abuse, and who are economically dependent on the older adult that they are supposed to be caring for (Garrett, 2013, para.3). Why do we as a society treat these seasoned individuals with such a lack of respect? I can only imagine that part of the problem is the frustration of the system in place at these businesses. The disgruntled workers take out their frustrations on the seniors.This lack of caring also results in the seniors not being fed properly, which can ultimately lead to severe medical conditions or death. The facilities are not the main problem. The main issue is that people have lost respect for one another. Everyone is so wrapped up in their own lives that they could care less about anyone else. Elderly neglect would better if we as a society would recognize the importance of supporting and cherishing all things, old and new.ReferenceGarrett, M. (2013, April 27). Elder abuse. Psychology Today. Retrieved July 24, 2013, from http//www.psycholo gytoday.com/blog/iage/201304/elder-abuse

Cost Information for decision making Essay

Two common equal systems use in problem be traditionally terms accounting system (job cost, service cost and operating cost) and activity-establish cost system (first principle). There argon some similarities and differences surrounded by these systems. Regarding the similarities, both accumulate overlap costs throughout the merchandise knead and assign those costs to mortal units of production. Additionally, product cost under dickens cost systems consists of direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead.In terms of differences, they be different in the way how the overhead costs are allocated. For conventional be, it assigns manufacturing overhead based on a single volume based cost driver such as direct exertion hours. In contrast, first principle approaches cost from the perspective that products do not cause costs. It requires activities which are the causes of all costs incurred so it allocates manufacturing overhead according to the activities needed to set off the products. Therefore, it highlights the existence of non value added activity which is not existed under traditional method. ABC also differs from conventional costing in the use of several cost crime syndicates when allocating the overhead costs.For instance, traditional costing uses only one cost pool to distribute the overhead whereas there are many cost pools involved under ABC. Furthermore, ABC employs both volume-based and non-volume-based cost drivers while conventional costing utilizes only volume-based cost drivers. Another difference is that conventional approach complies with the generally accepted accounting principles so it can be used to satisfy conventional fiscal reporting requirements. On the other hand, accounting standard board does not accept ABC to prepare financial statements so it can be useful for internal management decision.Under conventional system, there are similarities between job costing, process costing and operating costing. Firstly , they accumulate product costs throughout the production process and assign those costs to products. Secondly, these costing systems calculate the product costs which comprise direct material, direct labour and manufacturing overhead. Lastly, the cost flows for three systems is from raw material to bring in in process to finished goods and whence to costs of goods sold.These first two systems can be distinguished by the pursuit differences. First, job costing system is used by the company which produces unique products or products based on client orders. Conversely, process costing is for the firms which produce one or a a few(prenominal) homogenous products and often have continuous mass production. Second, each individualistic product costs are traced easily under job costing while process costing makes no attempt to track individual product costs. Thirdly, under job costing, the transfer from one job to some other does not take place whereas the production from one process is transferred to close one till the product is full completed under process costing. Next, process costing accumulates product costs in each production department throughout the period while job order costing accumulates product costs to specific units.Operating costing for company which has a mix production system that produces in large quantities but then is customized the finished product. Therefore, operating costing is a combination of process costing and job costing. However, it differs from job and process costing which includes more than two types of cost pools in overhead allocation process. The cost pools are designed to married person the separate processes that may be allocated to batches of products.Comment about the quality of your work According to the assessment criteria, my answer for the question should be marked 7. This is for the following reasons. Firstly, the answer is well-organized into five paragraphs which consist of differences between conventional cos ting and ABC costing. For instance, the first and second paragraphs demonstrate the similarities and differences between conventional costing and ABC. apart from this, the answer also points out the similarities and differences between job costing, process costing and operating costing.