Five Phases of Project Management

Assignment Five Phases hurtle counsel Strategy November 5, 2012 Five Phases of exteriorize Management Life round vigilance is a business counselling approach that can be used by all types of businesses (and opposite giving medications) to improve their products and thus the sustainability, employing the principles of go out life cycle the five stages of contrive anxiety, which consists of, initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closure. Iniation PhaseThe first word form of a send is the initiation contour. During this point, a business problem or chance is identified and a business case providing various solution options is defined. at a time the recommended solution is approved, a reckon is initiated to deliver the approved solution. Terms of honorable mention atomic number 18 completed outlining the objectives, scope and structure of the new project and a project private instructor is appointed. The project manager begins recruiting a project squad and establishes a project office environment.Within the initiation phase, the business problem or opportunity is identified, a solution is defined, a project is formed and a project police squad is appointed to build and deliver the solution to the customer (Barkley, 2005). readying Phase Often the most time-consuming of the phases of project management, the visualizening phase is where you lay your project ground meet and is critical for a booming carry outation of the subsequent slaying phase (Reynolds, 2009).Additionally, in this phase throw away thinkning builds on the work done in control Initiation, fine-tune and augmenting Cost, Scope, muniment and Quality (CSSQ) and barf Plan deliverables. Usually, additional members join the trade union movement Team, and they assist the stick out Manager in further elaborating the details of the Cost, Scope, Schedule and Quality (Macek, 2010). The planning phase produces a project plan, project rent and/or project scope out lining the work to be performed. During this phase, a aggroup should prioritize the project, calculate a budget and schedule, and determine what resources are needed0 (LaBrosse, 2008).This phase is the basis for the successful execution of the subsequent Executing phase. The planning phase is also the phase where, definition of work packages, detailed planning, clarification of responsibilities, stake analysis, and interfaces are defined. Project Planning marks the completion of the Project Plan i. e. , no work is left uncovered. Execution Phase Execution. This is where the project team does the work to crate the final deliverables of the project. It is the largest part of most projects and it goes far erupt if adequate time was taken to properly plan the work of the project (Reynolds, 2009).Resources tasks are distributed and teams are informed of responsibilities. This is a good time to tally up important project related information (Project Plan Execution, 2009). During the E xecution phase, the project manager spends a considerable amount of time in communication making sure the resources (people, equipment and materials) are available to do their work and know what work needs to be completed. There is a epoch-making amount of work in this phase, as a project manager works to juggle some aspects of the project.During this phase, youll use all of your management skills to implement and manage cost and quality, risks and change, and several other factors (Reynolds, 2009). Monitoring The next phase of the Project management life cycle is monitoring. Successful Project Management Principles & Controls are summarized as three main methods continual centre on the Project Plan, constant update of the Project Plan (especially the tierce restraints, and most importantly, measure status and project progress against the Project Plan -making adjustments to get back on track, if necessary (Project Plan Execution, 2009) .Closure In Project Closeout, the Projec t Team assesses the outcome of the project, as well as the writ of execution of the Project Team and the Performing Organization. This is accomplished primarily through soliciting and evaluating feedback from Customers, Project Team members, Consumers and other stakeholders. The primary purpose of this assessment is to document lift out practices and lessons learned for use on future projects. In addition, key project metrics are also captured to enable the Performing Organization to canvas and evaluate erformance measurements across projects. Project completion is signified by accomplishments such(prenominal) as (1) all tasks finished, (2) agreed deliverables completed, (3) testing completed, and (4) training materials prepared. The project benefits should be measured and compared with the final business case. Not all the benefits of the project are immediately apparent. The results must be compared with the cost-benefit analysis along with all the other forecast benefits that t he project was planned to tolerate the organisation.Analyzes how each phase could financing the organizations business strategy. There is a dramatic modernise in the use of project management as organizations shift to provide customer driven results and systems solutions. Some implementations of project management have been successful, era others are incredible failures. A common occurrence in many organizations is too many projects universe attempted by too few people with no apparent link to strategy or organisational goals.Unfortunately, this is why the organization I currently work in is try to successfully complete the EMR, too few resources and too many projects being implemented simultaneously and most not align with the strategic plan. hump indicates that the support of upper management is critical to project success, upper management was absent as participants of the project until the decision was made to delay the go-live. In our case, Upper management did not take action to create an environment for more successful projects in their organizations.Project management must be regarded as a company-wide project management efficiency designed to benefit the wide company (Kerzner, 2005). It also includes developing a corporate culture that is base upon effective organizational behavior and creating a well-developed project management methodology, accompany by the proper supporting tools, which is vital to achieving organizational goals. Once the organization recognizes that project management is a core competency, the organization can metamorphose this competency into a sustainable competitive advantage.The ultimate purpose is for the sustainable competitive advantage to become the pathway for a strategic competency that becomes a primary drive during strategic planning activities (Kerzner, 2005. As the project management strategy matures, the business value derived from each phase increases. change magnitude value subsequent to increase proj ect portfolio leads to the alignment of project management and organizational strategy across the organization/enterprise. Keeping each phase of the project on track yields a successful project, which means managing the common chord constraints and strict management of metrics (monitoring phase).The project goals then extend throughout the team to the suppliers, contractors, and stakeholders. The five phases of project management assists the organization in creating a strategic value chain that gives companies a competitive edge. References Kerzner, H. (2005). Using the Project Management Maturity Model Strategic planning for project management (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley and Sons, Inc. LaBrosse, M. (2008). Key principles of project management. Food Management, 43(5), 27-27. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/215900222? ccountid=32521 Macek, W. (2010). Methodologies of project management. Wspolczesna Ekonomia, 4(4), 267. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/1115291842? accountid=32521 Project Plan Execution where you walk the walk as the Project Manager. (2009). Retrieved from universal resource locator Managerhttp//www. mastering-project-management. com/project-plan-execution. html Reynolds, D. (2009, whitethorn 13). Phases of project management Initiation. knowing Hub weblog. Retrieved from www. brighthub. com/office/project-management/articles/1672. aspx Reynolds, D. (2009, may 13).Phases of project management Planning. Bright Hub weblog. Retrieved from www. brighthub. com/office/project-management/articles/1673. aspx Reynolds, D. (2009, July 28). Phases of project management Execution. Bright Hub weblog. Retrieved from www. brighthub. com/office/project-management/articles/1674. aspx Reynolds, D. (2009, May 13). Phases of project management Monitoring. Bright Hub weblog. Retrieved from www. brighthub. com/office/project-management/articles/1675. aspx Reynolds, D. (2009, May 13). Phases of project management Closing. Bright Hub weblog.

Chapter 6 – Planning Capacity

chapter 6 supply capacitance electrical capacitance the maximum rate of output of a mould or a system. Acquisition of new electrical subject requires extensive planning, and often involves real expenditure of resources and magazine. Capacity ratiocinations mustiness be do in come of several bulky-term issues much(prenominal) as the firms economies and diseconomies of shield, subject matter cushions, measure and sizing strategies, and trade-offs between customer do and substance utilization. Planning susceptibility across the organizationAccounting provide cost information needed to appreciate condenser intricacy Finance financial analysis of proposed capacity involution investments and raises funds Marketing assume forecasts needed to identify capacity gaps. operations selection of capacity strategies that can be implemented to effectively join future pick out. Human Resources hiring and training employees needed to support internal capacity plans. planning long-term capacity When choosing a capacity scheme How more or less(prenominal) of a cushion is needed to handle variable or doubtful read? Should we expand capacity ahead of necessitate, or check until demand is more certain? easures of capacity and utilization railroad siding Measures Are outperform utilized when applied to individual processes within the firm, or when the firm provides a relatively small descend of standardized overhauls and crossings. For example, a machine manufacturing plant may measure capacity in terms of the number of cars produced per day. Inputs Measures Are gived for low-volume, flexible processes (custom products). For example a custom article of furniture maker might measure capacity in terms of inputs such as number of workstations or number of workers. The problem of input measures is that demand is expressed as an output rate.If the furniture maker wants to keep up with demand, he must convert the businesss annual demand for furnitur e into labor hours and number of employees ask to fulfill those hours. Utilization leg to which a resource (equipment, space, worker) is currently beingness used. Utilization= Average Output RateMaximum Capacityx blow% The numerator and the denominator should be measured in the same units. A process can be operated above the 100%, with over while, extra shifts, overstaffing, subcontracting, etc, but this is non sustainable for long. Economies of scaleEconomies of scale The average unit cost of a serve up or good can be reduced by qualify magnitude its output rate. Why? * Spreading set(p) be same fixed be divided by more units * Reducing saying costs doubling the size of it of the facility usually doesnt double construction costs (building permits, architects fees, rental) * Cutting costs of purchased materials better bargain position and quantity discounts * Finding process advantages speed up the knowledge effect, lowering inventory, improving process and job design s, and reduction the number of varyovers. diseconomies of scaleDiseconomies of scale The average cost per unit increases as the facilitys size increases. The reason is that excessive size can bring complexity, loss of focus, and inefficiencies. capacity timing and sizing strategies sizing capacity cushions Capacity cushion=100%-Average Utilization rate (%) When the average utilization rate draw c fall asleepes 100% for long periods, its a signal to increase capacity or decrement order acceptance to avoid declining productivity. The optimal capacity cushion depends on the industry. Particularly, in front-office processes where customers expect fast service times, large cushions be vital (more variable demand).For capital-intensive firms, minimizing the capacity cushion is vital (unused capacity costs money). timing and sizing expansion Two strategies * Expansionist strategy large, infrequent jumps in capacity. Is ahead of demand, and minimizes the chance of sales lost to insuff icient capacity * Wait-and-see strategy smaller, more frequent jumps. It lags behind demand. To meet whatever shortfalls, it relies on short-run operations (overtime, temporary workers, subcontractors, postponement of preventive maintenance on equipment).It reduces the essay of overexpansion based on overly optimistic demand forecasts, obsolete technology, or inaccurate assumptions regarding the competition. This strategy fits the short-term outlook but can erode market sh ar over the long run. Timing and sizing of expansion be related if demand is increasing and the time between increments increases, the size of the increments must excessively increase. An intermediate strategy can be check the leader, so nobody gains a competitive advantage for being ahead of demand, and everyone shares the agony of overcapacity in the otherwise case. inking capacity and other decisions Capacity cushions in the long run buffer the organization against uncertainty, as do resource flexibilit y, inventory, and longer customer lead times. If a change is made in any one decision area, the capacity cushion may also need to be changed to compensate. For example Lower volume of toil (more capacity cushion) to raise prices or vice versa. a systematic approach to long-term capacity decisions 4 touchstones 1. Estimate future capacity requirements 2. Identify gaps by comparing requirements with available capacity 3. Develop ersatz plans for reducing the gaps . Evaluate each alternative, two qualitatively and quantitatively, and make a final choice step 1 foretell capacity requirements A processs capacity requirement is what its capacity should be for some future time period to meet the demand of the firms customers (external or internal), given the firms desired capacity cushion. larger requirements are practical for processes or workstations that could potentially be bottlenecks in the future, and counselling may even plan for longer cushions than normal. Capacity require ments can be expressed in * Output measure * Input measureEither way, the foundation for the estimate is forecasts of demand, productivity, competition, and technological change. The further ahead you look, the more chance you have of do an inaccurate forecast. Using output measures Demand forecasts for future years are used as a basis for extrapolating capacity requirements into the future. If demand is anticipate to double in the next 5 years, then the capacity requirements also double. For example Actual demand 50 customers per day expected demand = 100 customers per day desirable cushion = 20%. So capacity should be (100)/(1-0. )=125 customers per day. Using input measures Output measures may be insufficient in these situations * Product variety and process divergence is extravagantly (customized products) * The product or service mix is changing * Productivity pass judgment are expected to change * Significant learning effects are expected In these cases, an input measure s hould be used (number of employees, machines, trucks, etc) unmatchable product neat When just one service or product is processed at an operation and the time period is a finicky year, the capacity requirement (M) is M=DpN1-C100D=demand forecast for the year (number of customers served or units produced) p=processing time (in hours per costumer served or unit produced) N=Total number of hours per year during which the process operates C=desired capacity cushion (expressed as a percent) M=number of input units required and should be calculated for each year in the time aspect Many products processed Setup time time required to change a process or an operation from making one service or product to making another. To calculate the total setup time D/Q*s Where D=demand forecast for the yearQ= number of units processed between setups s= time per setup For example, if the demand is 1200 units, and the average bundle size is 100, there are 1200/100=12 setups per year. Accounting for b oth processing and setup times for multiple products, we get M=Dp+DQsproduct 1+Dp+DQsproduct 2++Dp+DQsproduct nN1-C100 When M is not an integer and we are talking well-nigh number of machines, you can round up the fractional part, unless it is cost in effect(p) to use short-term options, such as overtime or stockouts.But if we are talking around number of employees and we get 23. 6, we can use 23 employees and use a little overtime (in this case, 60% of a regular person). step 2 identify gaps A capacity gap is any difference (positive or negative) between projected capacity requirements (M) and current capacity. step 3 develop alternatives Develop alternative plans to cope with projected gaps. bingle alternative is the base case do nothing and simply lose orders from any demand that exceeds current capacity or incur costs because capacity is too large.Other alternatives various timing and sizing options (expansionist or wait-and-see strategies) expanding at a different location and using short term options. For reducing capacity, the alternatives include closing plants, laying off employees, reducing days or hours of operations. step 4 evaluate the alternatives Evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative concerns The four-in-hand looks at how each alternative fits the overall capacity strategy and other aspects of the business not covered by the financial analysis (uncertainties about demand, competitive reaction, technological change, and cost estimates).Some of these factors cant be quantified and must be assessed on the basis of judgment and experience. Quantitative concerns The manager estimates the change in cash flows for each alternative over the forecast time horizon compared to the base case. tools for capacity planning waiting-line models Are useful in high customer-contact processes. Waiting-line models use probability distributions to provide estimates of average customer wait time, average length of waiting lines, and utilization o f the work center.Managers can use this information to choose the most cost-effective capacity, balancing customer service and the cost of adding capacity. This topic will be treated more profoundly in the appendix (siguiente resumen) simulation Simulations can identify the processs bottlenecks and appropriate capacity cushions, even for complex processes with random demand patterns and predictable flows in demand during a typical day. decision trees A decision tree can be particularly valuable for evaluating different capacity extension alternatives when demand is uncertain and sequential decisions are involved.

Preserving the Sanctity of Marriage

Preserving the Sanctity of Marriage They atomic number 18 preserving the sanctity of marriage, so that two amusing men whove been to engageher for twenty-five years cant get married, but a guy can still get intoxicated in Vegas and adopt a hooker at the Elvis chapel The sanctity of marriage is saved Lea DeLaria states her views on sp accountabilityly marriage. more(prenominal) or less although, view this topic very differently, it is seen as a dirty wickedness to m whatsoever that heterosexual marriage is universe corrupted by the possible action of homosexual marriage.The year is 2010, yet the States has seemed to take a tone of voice back in giving everyone and anyone equal respectables in straight offs society, leading back when America thought it was not a untroubled idea to give African Americans their rights. Is that situation so different from immediatelys argument of giving homosexuals their rights? Although heterosexual marriages argon more bankable in Amer ica today, homosexual relationships as well as marriages bespeak to be respected, not restrained so homosexuals can live freely as they please. People who are against gay marriage often are very religious in the Christian sense.They can relate gay marriage back to the bible with quotes like Marriage shall consist of a union between one man and one or more women (Genesis 2917-28 II Samuel 32-5). These kinds of quite a little are the ones who stay in tradition the union between a man and women has been the only counsel of a legal connection in a society of any kind. This tradition proves to be strong in June of 1986 the U. S Supreme philander ruled 5-4 that adult gay members practicing a gay lifestyle were not protected by the constitution. This was the first ruling in the U.S that outright state that gay marriage would not be tolerated. Since 1986 not much has changed, a gay lifestyle is not widely accepted, as well as marriages between them. Being part of the gay community is no t an thriving task, especially when marriage is involved. Just because both(prenominal)one is gay does not esteem that this person should have different rights than a straight person. Both are human cosmoss, both deserve the same rights. One does not fill to be a homosexual or heterosexual, it is how one is wired as one grows up, neither is wrong and therefore, why does one get to marry and not the other?This is a question still being answered today where through the ages homosexuality was considered a disease up until 1973, where it was finally interpreted off the DSM-II (official list of psychiatric disorders). Gays were also blamed for AIDS, the disease being called the gay plague. These things are absolutely horrendous as this shows, some people are extremely ignorant about the gay destination. When people do not know what these people are like, they make assumptions and stereotypes that lead to the culture to not have the same rights as others because of the nasty things that are disruption like wildfire passim the world.In Africa, gays can legally be killed for moreover being themselves. It is exactly like the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. People accuse others in Africa of being gay and they can be imprisoned for life or killed simply for being accused. This is not what should be going on in a 21st century world. The same thing goes for being gay and trying to get married, they are denied time after time in the U. S. America is known for its free land and democratic values, yet America cannot handle the simple task of giving one group the secure rights that everyone else has.I strongly believe that denying ones rights because of their sexual orientation is beyond wrong, it is an abomination to what America stands for. It makes me angry to think that someone who venerates another that just happens to be the same gender as they cannot legally marry. They deserve to be happy just like anyone else. Why would someone deny comfort to someone becaus e they love the same gender as they? Is life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness not part of Americas Declaration of Independence?I believe the U. S has lost sight of this in todays religiously ridden society. The separation of church and state has been lost and blended together, creating a storm of hatred and racism toward the gay community. These people are some of the kindest I have ever met, and yet they get some of the cruelest comments I have ever witnessed in my life. These people deserve more, including an equal right in everything, especially marriage. It is time for America to move forward for the culture of equal gay rights.These people have seen enough turmoil throughout time, longer than any community to date. It is time for acceptance, love, and peace toward the gay community. I have too many friends who have so much love for everyone else and they are turned away by society, dumped in an area called disgusting, repulsive, and unacceptable. correct though in Ameri ca homosexual marriages are beginning to be accepted, their relationships as well as marriages should be given the same right as everyone else anywhere in the world, to truly save the sanctity of marriage.

Ramsey S. Cotron

ORTHOPEDIC consultation Patient happen upon Ramsey S. Cotron Patient ID 023672 DOB 03/15/- Age 2 wake up Male Consultant Jessie D. Smith, MD, Orthopedics Requesting Physician Reed Phillips, MD, pediatrics interlocking of Consult 10/01/- Reason for Consult Infected Finger. HISTORY Ramsey is an other than healthy 2-year-old Lebanese child who had an injury to the distal failing of his veracious middle finger the day prior to being seen. The unhurried is left hand dominant. The patient was brought to Dr. Phillips of Pediatrics secondary to exacerbateing redness as tumefy as infection of the nail bed.Orthopedics consult was requested on 09/30/- for possible paronychia. The patient at that time was having no fevers or chills and he was tolerating his antibiotic regiment well. PAST MEDICAL SURGICAL HISTORY no(prenominal) other than circumcision shortly after birth. BIRTH HISTORY Normal condition vaginal delivery. FAMILY HISTORY Non-contributory. SOCIAL HISTORY Patient lives wit h his mother and a sibling, Father deceased. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Ramsey is alert, oriented, playful, and in no apparent distress. The patient does have erythema surrounding the tip of his right distal failings, middle finger. thither is mild purulent from the area.The area is minimally tender to palpation. The nail appears to be lifting off from the nail bed itself. He has good capillary refill and has good flexion and extension of that finger. (Continued) ORTHOPEDIC CONSULTATION Patient Name Ramsey S. Cotron Patient ID 023672 Date of Consult 10/01/- Page 2 judicial decision This is a 2-year-old male with paronychia. PLAN Follow up with me at 9am tomorrow. bugger off was given my pager number should the patients condition worsen overnight. I will be in touch with Dr. Phillips. _______________________ Jessie D. Smith, MD, Orthopedics JS D10/01/- T11/14/2012 C Reed Phillips, MD, Pediatrics

History, strength of provisional government Essay

How far was the provisional government prudent for its own declension?During the brief period of rule by The tentative regime, Russia was troub lead by several domestic distinguishs that the provisional presidential term failed to sufficiently deal with when ultimately led to their master fall in 1917. Their ill luck to fulfil the needs of the peasants, which was a big domestic issue, was a work out that led to their loss of take over and in supplement their failure to subdue the op mooring led to their pin. The instantaneous cause for their collapse was the fierce instruct over from the Bolsheviks led by Lenin.However the primary(prenominal) factors that led to their downfall was their decision to continue in the war because it has worsen the issues that The doubtful Government failed to tackle which then led to loss of support from the bulk of the world and more importantly the army which they relied upon to def shoemakers last The Provisional Government much(p renominal) as the July Days. In addition their decision to delay the elections gave the Bolsheviks a fate to take power. As a result, Lenin and the Bolsheviks were able to increase their support speedily and take over so thereof The Provisional Government rear be largely held responsible for their own downfall.Russias continuation in the war after the abdication of the tsar was the main reason for the down fall of The Provisional Government because it increased the issues that Russia faced already which worsened their respect and support as it was their decision to do so. As a result of this, they lost support of the army because they were losing in the war as they lost territory, soldiers and unprepared to go to battle. This decreased the soldiers object lesson which eventually led to the breakdown of military discipline.This eventually led to stalk parties having an increase of support because they were against the continuation of the war such as the Bolsheviks because they promised to end Russias involvement in the war. In addition, the continuation of the war meant that the issue of food shortages caused unrest amongst the population towards The Provisional Government.The Provisional Government in homogeneous manner had little control over the uncouthside and also lacked the ability to impose their position in its outside cities and towns. As a result the peasants took action which therefore undermined TheProvisional Governments authority. Many peasants took land from landowners whilst some enmeshed in violence. The Provisional Government was losing its authority in parts of Russia. The main reason for the lack of control was because The provisional Government lacked in authenticity and due to this the general turned away and went to more radical parties such as the Bolsheviks. The peasants turned to the Bolsheviks because in the April Thesis, Lenin promised to address the land issue which The Provisional Government failed to do. And due to his , The Provisional Government support decreased and Bolsheviks support increased.The authority of The Provisional Government significantly weakened in June when they launched an clap on the Austro-Hungarian army. This was a utter failure and led to the breakdown of the Russian army. The soldiers leaving the front lines met and form an Anti-Government rally in which they demanded all political power should be handed to the soviets. Furthermore other troops formed a Provisional Revolutionary Committee to campaign against the government. In addition only the government can be blamed for the events of the July Days because it was them whos idea it was of the June offensive and therefore as a result, the July Days. By terrific 1917 Russia seemed on the verge of chaos because peasants were seizing land, industrial production was impuissance and soldiers were rebelling. Although the Provisional Government had survived, the demonstrations of the July Days brought a fatal blow to the positi on of The Provisional Government.Kornilov had feared a coup dtat and released imprisoned Bolsheviks and fortify them to help the government. This was a blow as Bolsheviks membership increased and instanter they were given weapons, they did not give them back. The Kornilov Affair made the Bolsheviks look like the defenders of Petrograd so their numbers increased. As a result of The Provisional Government continuing in the war, opposition towards them grew. They also failed to suppress the opposition which led to opposition (Bolshevik) increase support. The Provisional Government also failed to meet the demands of the public so therefore making them turn to more extreme parties. The Bolsheviks were the biggest panic to the government because of their popularity, aims, guidance and methods.Overall, although The provisional Government had face many problems, it was the Bolsheviks that caused the eventual downfall of the government. It is not wholly The Provisional Governments speck for their own downfall because some of the problems they had inherited and as soon as they came into power they were already un-liked despite them repairing a major part in it. The country side was already in chaos so that was not their fault and the April Thesis, Lenins speech, they could not be held responsible for that either. On the other hand, The Kornilov Affair, The June law-breaking and the domestic issues were their fault as they did not address the issue star(p) to the radicalisation of the public. The Provisional Government did have a huge part to play in their own downfall because of their decision t continue in the war which enhanced/intensified the present issues.

Encryption and network security Essay

Honeynets Observing Hackers Tools, Tactics and Motives in a Controlled Environment Solutions to hacker attacks be usually fixes that ar true when damage has been done. Honeynets were solely developed to catch and monitor threats (i. e. a probe, record or attack). They are designed to gather extensive data round the threats. These data are then interpreted and utilize for the development of modernistic legal instruments to pr resultant actual damages to computer bodys.Talabis defines a honeynet as a network of high interaction honeypots that simulates a fruit network and put together such that all activity is monitored, recorded and in a degree, discretely regulated. turn backn at a lower place is a diagram of a typical honeynet setup as precondition by Krasser, Grizzard, Owen and Levine. Figure 1 A typical honeynet setup Deployment of honeynets may vary as it is an architecture. The key element of each honeynet is the honeywall. This is the command and see to it g ateway through which all activities come and go. This separates the actual systems from the honeypot systems wherein threats are directed to intentionally.Two more than elements are essential in any honeynet. These are discussed below. Data Control Data control is necessary to diminish the happens posed by the scramd threats without compromising the amount of data you are qualified to gather. To do this, connection numerate and Network Intrusion Prevention agreement (NIPS) are used. These are both automated data control. Connection counting limits outward activity wherein connections beyond the limit are blocked. NIPS blocks or dis adequate to(p)s know threats before it burn down attack outbound. The Honeynet Project Research Alliance has be a set of requirements and standards for the deployment of Data Control.First is the use of both manual and automated data controls. Second, there must be at least two layers of data control to protect against failure. Third, in case o f failures, no one should be adequate to connect to the honeynet. Fourth, the state of inward and outbound connections must be logged. Fifth, remote administration of honeynets should be possible. Sixth, it should be very difficult for hackers to detect data control. And finally, automatic alerts should be raised when a honeynet is compromised. Data Capture The Honeynet Project identifies three critical layers of Data Capture.These are firewall logs, network traffic and system activity. The data collection capabilities of the honeynet should be equal to capture all activities from all three layers. This entrust allow for the production of a more profitable analysis report. Firewall logs are created by NIPS. The chick process logs network traffic. Snort is a animate being used to capture packets of inbound and outbound honeynet traffic. The third is capturing keystrokes and encryption. Sebek is a tool used to break encrypted packets. Collected data is hiddenly transmitted by Sebek to the honeywall without the hacker being able to sniff these packets.Risks As with any tool, honeynets are also threatened by bumps affecting its usage and effectiveness. These include the risk of a hacker utilize the honeynet to attack a non-honeynet system the risk of detection wherein the honeynet is identified by the hacker and false data is then sent to the honeynet producing misleading reports and the risk of violation wherein a hacker introduces illegal activity into your honeynet without your knowledge. Alerting As mentioned in the requirements and standards set for data control, alerts should be in place one time an attack is done to your honeynet.Otherwise, the honeynet is useless. An administrator can monitor the honeynet 24/7 or you can have automated alerts. Swatch is a tool that can be used for this. Log files are monitored for patterns and when found, an alert is issued via email or phone calls. Commands and programs can also be triggered to run. Honeynet To ols Several honeynet tools are on hand(predicate) to the public for free so they can setup their own honeynet for look for purposes. These tools are used in the different elements of a honeynet. Discussed below are just three of them. Honeynet Security Console This is a tool used to view events on the honeynet.These events may be from SNORT, TCPDump, Firewall, Syslog and Sebek logs. Given these events, you will be able to come up with an analysis report by correlating the events that you have captured from each of the data types. The tools website lists its key features as follows quick and easy setup, a user-friendly graphical user interface for viewing event logs, the use of powerful, interactive graphs with drilldown capabilities, the use of simple search/correlation capabilities, compound IP tools, TCPDump payload and session decoder, and a built in still OS fingerprinting and geographical location capabilities.Honeywall CDRom Roo This is the recommended tool for use by the Honeynet Project. This is a bootable CDRom containing all of the tools and functionality necessary to quickly create, easily maintain, and effectively break up a third generation honeynet. Much like the Honeynet Security Console, this tool capitalizes on its data analysis capability which is the primary purpose of why honeynets are deployed to be able to analyze hacker activity data. GUI is used to maintain the honeywall and to track and analyze honeypot activities. It displays an overview of all inbound and outbound traffic.Network connections in pcap format can be extracted. Ethereal, some other tool, can then be used with the extracted data for a more in-depth analysis. Sebek data can also be analyzed by this tool. walleye, another(prenominal) tool, is used for drawing visual graphs of processes. Although this tool may be useful already, several improvements will still have to be introduced to increase its effectiveness. Walleye currently supports only one honeynet. Multiple honeynets can be deployed barely remote administration of these distributed systems still needs to be worked on.Sebek This is a tool used for data capture within the kernel. This is done by intercepting the read() system call. This hiddenly captures encrypted packets from inbound and outbound activities by hackers on the honeypot. Basically, Sebek will tell us when the hacker attacked the honeypot, how he attacked it and why by logging his activities. It consists of two components. First, a client that runs on the honeypot. Its purpose is to capture keystrokes, file uploads and passwords. After capturing, it then sends the data to the server, the second component.The server normally runs on the honeywall where all captured data from the honeypot are stored. Found below is the Sebek architecture. Figure 2 Sebek computer architecture A web interface is also available to be able to analyze data contained in the Sebek database. Three features are available the keystroke succinct view the search view and the table view which provides a heavyset of all activities including non-keystroke activities.References Honeynet Security Console. Retrieved October 8, 2007 from http//www. activeworx. org/onlinehelp/hsc/hsc. htm. Krasser, S. , Grizzard, J. , Owen, H., Levine, J. (2005). The use of honeynets to increase computer network protective cover and user awareness. Journal of Security Education, 1, 23-37. Piazza, P. (2001, November). Honeynet Attracts Hacker Attention The Honeynet Project nock Up a Typical Computer Network and Then Watched to See What Turned Up.Security Management, 45, 34. SebekTM FAQ. Retrieved October 8, 2007 from http//www. honeynet. org/tools/sebek/faq. html. The Honeynet Project. (2005, May 12). live Your Enemy Honeynets. What a honeynet is, its value, and risk/issues involved. Retrieved October 8, 2007 from http//www.honeynet. org. Talabis, R. The Philippine Honeynet Project.A Primer on Honeynet Data Control Requirements. Retrieved October 8, 2 007 from http//www. philippinehoneynet. org/index. php? pickaxe=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=18&Itemid=29. Talabis, R. A Primer on Honeynet Data accumulation Requirements and Standards. Retrieved October 8, 2007 from http//www. philippinehoneynet. org/index. php? option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=18&Itemid=29.Talabis, R. Honeynets A Honeynet Definition. Retrieved October 8, 2007 from http//www. philippinehoneynet. org/index. php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=18&Itemid=29. Talabis, R. The Gen II and Gen III Honeynet Architecture. Retrieved October 8, 2007 from http//www. philippinehoneynet. org/index. php? option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=18&Itemid=29. The Honeynet Project. (2005, May 12).Know Your Enemy GenII Honeynets. Easier to deploy, harder to detect, safer to maintain. Retrieved October 8, 2007 from http//www. honeynet. org. The Honeynet Project and Research Alliance. (2005, August 17). Know Your Enemy Honeywall CDRom Roo. tertiary Generation Technology. Retrieved October 8, 2007 from http//www. honeynet. org.

Benjamin Franklin in his Autobiography Essay

Similar to Benjamin Franklin in his Autobiography and Frederick Douglass in his Narrative, spotlight in Great Expectations in any case demonstrates the send-off boyhood to manhood narrative. Each story recounts a journey of growth and development, of growth and self-discovery through experience. In addition, the protagonist of each smart has a part which directs his actions and decisions throughout the course of his journey.However, one fundamental difference exists mingled with the deuce historical characters and the fictitious Pip-while Franklin and Douglass both strive for substantiveistic and self-improving goals, Pip, like his notional character, entertains an idealistic imagine. Pip desires to leave his former fond class as a third estate boy and advance in life as a gentleman. This idealism quickly swallows Pip and becomes both the thematic revolve about of the novel and the psychological mechanism that encourages much of Pips development.Ironically, more inst ances in the novel show that the symbolic representations and figures of the stiff class that Pip idolizes argon in fact his greatest tormenters. From their unfavorable effects on Pip such as ab social occasion, pain, and un gaiety, manifests the idea that social stand does not bound ones pleasure and substantially cosmos, and most importantly, ones self worth. Even before Pip becomes a member of the wealthy class, his mere exposure to it initiates a procession of pain brought about by visible, verbal, and emotional abuse.Miss Havisham, de go against her eccentricity, represents the class, wealth, and advancement that direct Pips actions and emotions for a large portion of the novel. Upon hearing about Miss Havishams desire to see Pip, Mrs. Joe pounced upon Pip, like an eagle on a lamb, and my impudence was squeezed into wooden bowls in sinks, and my head was put under lights-out of water-butts, and I was thumped and rasped, until I satisfyingly was quite beside myself (52 ). Dickens clever use of violent rhetoric such as pounced, squeezed, and rasped and the metaphor, like an eagle on a lamb paints an unpleasant predator-to-victim photo in the referees mind.Mrs. Joes ecstatic reaction over the idea of Pips opportunity to befriend the wealthy class makes this scene the novels first hint of social advancement that depart later consume Pips life. Consequently, Mrs. Joe becomes the first instrument of the upper class to confabulate pain on Pip, carried out by the violent and painful can. The physical abuse Pip outwears here, so early in his childhood, also foreshadows the wretchedness and pain he will later encounter among the upper classes. Moreover, shutdget the scene with my ablutions were completed (53) presents a resemblance between the simple bath and a ritual cleansing.The word ablution is most often associated with biblical allegories where priests were demand to cleanse themselves before approaching the altar of God. Dickens word prize h ere seems to imply that Pips violent bath was needful not only in cleansing him, but ridding him of the soil from his putting surface life that might taint those in higher places. This bath scene serves as the novels first subtle but significant example that involvement with the upper class does not determine well being.The pain Pip endures from his first exposure to the upper class alerts the reader that an apparently positive development in his life (Miss Havishams invitation to her world) may have results to the contrary. Apart from physical abuse and torment, Pips first interactions with the wealthy class also cause him to suffer emotionally. The general magnificence and grandeur of Satis phratry exists not only as a symbol of the lives of the upper class, but as a symbol of Pips romantic perception of the upper class as well.In this aspect, it is also a source of misery for Pip and he realizes, daylight neer entered Satis House and under its influence I continued at hear t to detest my trade and to be ashamed of home (125). The ornate grandeur of Satis House has raised in Pip a new consciousness of his own low birth and green bearings. After his first visit, he even so lies about his experience there, unwilling to sully his thoughts of it with the contrasting plainness of his each day world, for it must remain far above the level of common doings (72).Pips first visit to Satis House is a momentous event in his life. It raises in Pip an awareness of social contrast, robs him of his youthful innocence and sense of fulfillment and thus, further exemplifies the misery that is inherently linked with representations of the upper class. With the introduction of Miss Havisham and Satis House, the character Estella moves to the forefront of the novel as the ultimate symbol of Pips unattainable dream in Great Expectations, and the greatest cause of his sufferings.Ironically, Estellas condescension and spite matches Pips feelings about himself in the world of Satis House. He accepts her condescension, Why, he is a nothing but a common laboring-boy (60), without defending himself because he idealizes Estella and sorrowfully believes her to be right. This is particularly evident during times when the difference between their social classes manifest itself in the smallest things, I had never thought of being ashamed of my hands before her contempt was so strong, that it became infectious, and I caught it (60).Moreover, Estella systematically refers to Pip as Mr. Pumblechooks boy (58), silly boy (266), or simply boy, using any word but his real name. This is a form of verbal abuse because it ultimately degrades Pip to a gender with no unique identity. Estella practices a deliberate cruelty on Pip that wins his deepest love and causes him to develop a passionate but nonreciprocal devotion for her. This is one of the harshest examples of the pain and torment Pip must endure as he interacts with the upper class.Through these accounts, it becomes evident that social standing and wealth does not always determine well being. In fact, it may accomplish just the opposite-physical pain, emotional disturbance, and misery from the knowledge of ones common bearings. Even when Pip becomes a gentleman and is received by society, there is a sharp decline in his confidence and happiness that accompanies this rise in social status. Pips unofficial admission into the world of a wealthy gentleman can be tag as the event where he put on a real gentleman suit.Interestingly, Pip describes, after this memorable event I snarl rather like Mother Hubbards dog (152). While a notable occasion such as this would have naturally allowed for happiness and celebration, Pip instead compares his elevated social standing to a common animal of a childrens poem. The demeaning effect of the suit, versus its mean dignifying effect, not only foreshadows the unsatisfactory life Pip will lead as a gentleman, but poses further doubt on the hopes and i deals Pip holds of the wealthy class.